S a f e t y s t u d i e s s i m u l a t i n g p r e s s u r i z e d w a t e r and b o i l i n g w a t e r r e a c t o r h y p o t h e t i c a l p i p i n g b r e a k s were conducted i n a 3 150 f t v e s s e l . High p r e s s u r e w a t e r blowdowns (up t o 2 1 0 0 p s i , from a bottom n o z z l e . I n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e and t e m p e r a t u r e , l i q u i d l e v e l , t h r u s t r e a c t i o n f o r c e s , weight of f l u i d i n t h e v e s s e l , v o i d f r a c t i o n of t h e f l u i d i n t h e e x i t d u c t were measured d u r i n g t h e blow- downs. Void f r a c t i o n i n c r e a s e d and mass v e l o c i t y d e c r e a s e d w i t h o r i f i c e s i z e .Anomalous subcooled p r e s s u r e b e h a v i o r was thought t o be caused by n i t r o g e n d i s s o l v e d i n t h e w a t e r . L i q u i d l e v e l d e c r e a s e d n o n l i n e a r l y w i t h t i m e , whereas mass l o s s r a t e was n e a r l y c o n s t a n t f o r most of t h e blowdown. Comparisons w i t h t h e o r e t i c a l t r e a t m e n t s showed t h e need f o r e m p i r i c a l c o e f f i c i e n t s t o a d j u s t p r e d i c t i o n s t o t h eobserved r e s u l t s .iii CONTENTS

S a f e t y s t u d i e s s i m u l a t i n g p r e s s u r i z e d w a t e r and b o i l i n g w a t e r r e a c t o r h y p o t h e t i c a l p i p i n g b r e a k s were c o n d u c t e d i n a3 150 f t v e s s e l . High p r e s s u r e w a t e r blowdowns (up t o 2100 p s i , 600 O F ) were s t u d i e d u s i n g o r i f i c e d i a m e t e r s of 0 . 9 t o 5 . 2 i n .

This two-volume report is a detailed design and operating documentation of the Los Alamos National Laboratory Controlled Air Incinerator (CAI) and ie an aid to technology transfer to other Department of Energy contractor sites and the commercial sector. Volume I describes the CAI process, equipment, and performance, and it recommends modifications based on Los Alamos experience. It provides the necessary information for conceptual design and feasibility studies-Volume II provides descriptive engineering information such as drawings, specifications, calculations, and costs. It aids duplication of the process at other facilities.

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