Changes in the proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity in mammary and thyroid carcinomas in comparison with the adjacent tissue were studied at stages T(1-4)N(0-3)M(0) and T(2-3)N(0-1)M(0), respectively. The activities changed in a wave-like manner over the course of mammary carcinoma growth in cases with and without metastases. The minimum increment of the activity in the tumor was recorded during the T(2)N(0) stage in the absence of local metastases. The increment of the activity reached the peak in N(1) tumors of the same size with metastases. The activities in the tumor and adjacent tissues virtually did not differ during the T(3-4)N(1-3) stages. The time course of proteasome activity changes in thyroid tumors of the studied stages was similar to that in mammary carcinoma. The results can be used for development of methods for evaluating the aggressiveness of mammary and thyroid tumors.

No abstract

The accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of thyroid tumors is still insufficiently high. Determination of proteasome activity is a promising method for preoperative and/or intraoperative diagnosis of tumors of this localization, however, the method of its implementation involved obtaining a rather large tissue sample, from 20 to 70 mg. Separation of such a fragment from the tumor may complicate further histological examination. In this regard, the aim of this work was to determine the smallest amount of tissue sample suitable for measuring proteasome activity and diagnostics. The obtained results allow concluding that samples weighing 4 mg or more are suitable for diagnostic purposes. The approach to diagnosis using small amounts of tissue samples will preserve the structure of the tumor for further histological examination.

on their species and strain specificity, in the present work we performed for the first time the spectraltime analysis of the subordination call in males of house mice-hybrids of strains CBA and C57BL/6. Experiments were carried out during the day time on five adult males of the house mouse (Mus musculus). The males were kept individually in cages measuring 15× 30 × 20 cm with a plastic tray and metal grids. The cages were placed in a separate laboratory room with a temperature of 18-20°C. The single keeping of the males provided the main requirement of the study-the absence of tactile contacts between the animals before the beginning of the experiment, as well as allowed avoiding in advance the establishment of hierarchy in the community of the studied mice and physical damages of the animals. Each male participated in experiment no more than once for three days.There was performed the audio-video recording of agonistic behavior of animals at imitation of meeting of two sexually mature males living in different territories. During the experiment the pair of mice was placed in a glass box (45 × 26 × 30 cm) divided into two parts by a mobile partition that was removed with the beginning of audio and video recording. The box was placed in a sound-proof and shaded experimental chamber. Videorecording of behavior of mice was recorded by using Richness of acoustic communication in house mice is a necessary predisposition and a consequence of their social mode of life. House mice live as families of 15-20 individuals and to communicate with each other, they use diverse acoustic signals, among which at present there are identified at least eleven vocalizations [1]. The house mouse acoustic signals are known to occupy two almost non-overlapping frequency diapasons-the sound and ultrasound, the formants of the sound and ultrasound calls differing by more than one order of frequency. In other words, mice in the process of their acoustic communication use two essentially different frequency channels.The literature data about mouse vocalizations are represented mainly by works dealing with the acoustic structure of calls of their pups [2][3][4]. The information on vocal repertoire of adult mice is rather fragmental [5, 6] and does not provide the complete information about acoustic characteristics and semantic meaning of these signals. Among the adult mouse vocalizations whose main formant is located in the sound range, there were noted the calls accompanying the agonistic behavior of sexually mature males [7]. Since the acoustic structure and communication significance of these signals in house mice have not been studied and the mouse vocalizations are submitted to changes depending

Автор рассматривает особенности влияния религиозного фактора на развитие частной благотворительности и меценатства во второй половине XIX-начале XX в. на примере Владимирской, Костромской и Ярославской губерний. Руководствуясь православными этическими принципами и системой жизненных ценностей, предприниматели, зачастую выходцы из старообрядческой среды, особое внимание уделяли благотворительной деятельности. Они выделяли значительные средства на социальную защиту рабочих своих предприятий и населения губерний: строительство и содержание больниц, детских садов и приютов, приютов для престарелых, школ и училищ, библиотек, богаделен. С историей Владимирской, Костромской и Ярославской губерний связана деятельность следующих благотворителей: братьев П.М. и С.М. Третьяковых, Морозовых, Горбуновых, Мальцовых (Ю.С. Нечаев-Мальцов), Зотовых, Вахрамеевых, Карзинкиных и др. В статье рассматривается благотворительная деятельность старообрядца Костромской губернии Г.К. Горбунова. Он состоял попечителем как богаделен, так и детских приютов. Выходцем из костромских старообрядцев являлся и И.П. Третьяков (г. Судиславль, Костромская губерния). Его меценатство было связано с благоустройством г. Судиславля (вкладывал средства в строительство водопровода, приюта для душевнобольных людей, зданий для городского магистрата и реконструкцию Преображенского собора города). К наиболее видным филантропам Владимирской губернии относилась династия Мальцовых. В Ярославской губернии распространенным видом благо творительных учреждений являлись богадельни, пансионы, например богадельня Пастуховых, богадельня А.И. Вахрамеева, богадельня М.М. Вахрамеевой, Николаевский детский приют для детей обоего пола (г. Углич Ярославской губернии), Воспитательный детский приют (открыт на средства вдовы А.Г. Баскаковой и купца Н.И. Тюменева).