T here is a close link between the embryological development of the musculoskeletal system and all other main organ systems. We report a prospective series of 202 patients with congenital vertebral abnormalities and document the associated abnormalities in other systems. There were 100 boys and 102 girls. In 153 there were 460 associated abnormalities, a mean of 2.27 abnormalities for each patient. Intravenous pyelography was carried out on 173 patients (85.6%) and ultrasonography on the remaining 29 (14.4%). Patients with genitourinary anomalies were more likely to have musculoskeletal (p = 0.002), gastrointestinal (p = 0.02) and cardiac abnormalities (p = 0.008) than those without genitourinary involvement. A total of 54 (26.7%) had at least one genitourinary abnormality, the most frequent being unilateral renal agenesis. There was urinary obstruction in six (3%). There was no association between genitourinary abnormality and the place of birth, parental age, birth order, level of spinal curvature, or the number, type and side of spinal anomaly. There was, however, a statistically significant association (p = 0.04) between costal and genitourinary abnormalities. The incidence of genitourinary abnormalities (26.7%) was similar to that of previously reported series. The diagnosis of a congenital vertebral abnormality should alert the clinician to a wide spectrum of possible associated anomalies most of which are of clinical importance.

There is a close link between the embryological development of the musculoskeletal system and all other main organ systems. We report a prospective series of 202 patients with congenital vertebral abnormalities and document the associated abnormalities in other systems. There were 100 boys and 102 girls. In 153 there were 460 associated abnormalities, a mean of 2.27 abnormalities for each patient. Intravenous pyelography was carried out on 173 patients (85.6%) and ultrasonography on the remaining 29 (14.4%). Patients with genitourinary anomalies were more likely to have musculoskeletal (p = 0.002), gastrointestinal (p = 0.02) and cardiac abnormalities (p = 0.008) than those without genitourinary involvement. A total of 54 (26.7%) had at least one genitourinary abnormality, the most frequent being unilateral renal agenesis. There was urinary obstruction in six (3%). There was no association between genitourinary abnormality and the place of birth, parental age, birth order, level of spinal curvature, or the number, type and side of spinal anomaly. There was, however, a statistically significant association (p = 0.04) between costal and genitourinary abnormalities. The incidence of genitourinary abnormalities (26.7%) was similar to that of previously reported series. The diagnosis of a congenital vertebral abnormality should alert the clinician to a wide spectrum of possible associated anomalies most of which are of clinical importance.

Miller-Fisher syndrome is a peripheral neuropathy characterized by ophthalmoplegia, areflexia and ataxia. The incidence of this syndrome is estimated at 1 in a million, and just 14% of these occur on a pediatric age, making it an infrequent diagnosis in pediatrics. In this article we report a case of Miller-Fisher syndrome with an unusual onset on a pediatric patient along with infrequent radiological findings.

Stress is a condition of disturbing the balance of organisms that involves physiological or psychological tension caused by internal or external factors. Stress is one of the factors that can trigger the incidence of Pityriasis capitis. The level of stress is closely related to the high activity of sebaceous glands which results in changes in temperature and humidity on the scalp. To know the relationship between stress level with the incidence of Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) among female student of Vocational and Pre-Professional High School Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh. Observational analytic research with approach design research type cross-sectional. A total of 50 people was involved in this experiment. Independent variable was stress level, and dependent variable was Pityriasis capitis (dandruff) incidence among female students at Vocational and Pre-Professional high school Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh. From 50 people, it was found that Pityriasis capitis occurred respondents with normal stress level about 42,9%. The results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov comparative test showed a significance value of p = 0.591 (p> 0.05) indicating that there was no significant relationship between stress level and Pityriasis capitis (dandruff). There is no relationship between the level of stress with the incidence of Pityriasis Capitis (dandruff) among female students at Vocational and Pre-Professional high school Panca Karsa Sungai Pinyuh.