The purpose of the study is to reveal the mechanisms of interaction of some acid ameliorants in the process of chemical reclamation of Sodic Solonetzes-Solonchaks (SSS). The experiments have been carried out within 2018-2020 under laboratory conditions using soil column techniques.13 soil samples have been collected from Ararat valley, Republic of Armenia. These soils have a high alkaline reaction (pH 9.5-10.5), a sodium exchangeable percentage (ESP 44.5-74.0%) and electrical conductivity (EC 12.4-42.2 dS cm-1).It has been shown, that in thecase of iron sulphate application the products of its hydrolysis promote soil dealkalization and improvement of soil physical properties due to creation of iron-clay complexes accumulated in the soil primarily in crystalline form (66-67 %). It has been revealed, that the penetration depth of 1% of sulphuric acid and iron sulphate solutions during the chemical reclamation is 8-12 cm, and the accumulation of gypsum in topsoil (0-12 cm) is observed. Due to thehigher solubility of magnesium sulphate in the process of acidification, soil dealkalization and the increase of filtration rate of soil solutions (10-12 cm day -1 ) are watched. During the soil leaching process, the newly-formed gypsum plays a major role in further dealkalization process of soils and regulation of exchangeable Ca and Mg relation in optimal range. It is shown, that in the process of acidification, the pressure of the formed carbon dioxide gas (CDG) in the soil may reach up to 2.2 atm, in which the solubility of calcium and magnesium carbonate are increased, and the share of CDG in soil dealkalization process is in average 50%. The results obtained allow for the opportunity to recommend improvements of SSS chemical reclamation technology.

The agro-chemical and physicochemical properties of the soils of the areas adjacent to the iron ores of Artsakh were studied. And despite the fact that mine exploitation did not negatively affect the agrochemical indicators of the soils of the surrounding areas and minor differences observed in the control and adjacent areas are due to the relief, location and other ecological factors of the area. The results of the research show that the soils have less favorable agrochemical and physicochemical properties for plant growth and development and complex application of mineral and organic fertilizers is necessary to obtain high and ecologically clean crops.

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Improvement of land reclamation methods and ecological state of the soils is essential for the sustainable development of agriculture in Armenia. The aim of the current work is to study the chemical composition of the irrigated meadowbrown soils with an area of 25 hectares in the village of Araksavan. The results of the study showed that this land plot is not homogeneous in chemical composition. The studied soils are saline and alkaline, and without any chemical reclamation it is impossible to use them in agriculture. Thus, it is recommended to conduct chemical reclamation activities in the mentioned land area.

The aim of the study is to provide integrated solution of environmental problems by help of conservation emissions of sulphurous gases in form of sulphur or treated cement dust and their application for improvement of Alkaline Soils. New ameliorants for improvements of Alkaline soils under laboratory conditions were obtained: electro-treated mixture of sulphurous and sulphuric acids, treated cement dust containing sulphite and sulphate salts of Ca. Two electrochemical methods for production of sulphuric acid and mixture of sulphuric and hydrochloric acids from sulphurous acid were developed and the electric energy requirement for their production is calculated. The process of retention of sulphurous gases, by water solution of cement dust is studied. It is shown, that for conservation of 1 t of sulphurous gases 2 t of cement dust is required. The influence of newly-received ameliorants on physical and chemical properties of Alkaline soils during their chemical reclamation and leaching processes was studied. The most ameliorative effect, obtained in the variant, where electrochemical treated solution of the mixture of sulphurous and sulphuric acids were used.