These findings support the concept of localized nasal allergy in 'non-atopic' rhinitis subjects. We propose the term 'entopy' to define this phenomenon and believe that this concept has a wider implication for localized allergic responses in other mucosal sites.

A significant proportion of patients with idiopathic rhinitis have positive nasal challenges, the vast majority to house dust mite allergen. These findings add to the weight of evidence that suggests 'localized allergy' may exist in the absence of systemic atopic markers.

Idiopathic and allergic rhinitic mucosa show similarities in their inflammatory infiltrate suggesting that both groups share a highly localized Th2, IgE-mediated cellular immunopathology.

Douching with lactated Ringer's solution after ESS results in better improvement in sinonasal symptoms, compared with normal saline or hypertonic saline solutions.