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On the basis of long-term information and analytical materials of the RSU Tobyl-Torgai Basin Inspectorate for Regulation of the Use and Protection of Water Resources of the Water Resources Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan, characterizing the use of water resources in the economic sectors of administrative districts and cities of the Kostanay region, the conditions for the formation of surface flow and regional features of water use in the catchments of the Tobol river basin were determined.To assess the change in the average annual discharge in the catchments of the Tobol River basin under the influence of natural and anthropogenic activities, integral curves of average annual discharge were determined for the hydrological stations of Akkarga, Grishenka, Kostanay, and Milyutinka, which showed that in the period under consideration from 1996 to 2005, there was a slight increase in the average annual discharge for all hydrological stations under consideration, and from 2006 to 2017 - their constant decline, which is a signal to ensure the safety of economic activities in the region. To assess the peculiarities of water use in the catchments of the Tobol River basin, the volumes of water consumption by housing and public services, industry and agriculture were used, which gradually decrease over the period of 1996-2016, since the industry is mainly located in the cities of Lisakovsk, Kostanay and Rudny. and agriculture in Kamystinsky, Zhitikarinsky, Denisovsky, Taranovsky, Kostanaysky, Karabalyksky, Fedorovsky and Mendikarinsky districts is developing within the dryland cultivation, which determines the type of linear trend, which is characterized by a polynomial equation of third order.