Supernumerary teeth in humans are considered as those in addition to the normal series of deciduous or permanent dentition. Distomolars or the forth molars that erupt behind wisdom teeth are found in 0,18–3,8% of the modern population, but are quite rare compared to other supernumerary teeth. Odontologic studies of ancient and contemporary populations allow not only evaluate health state, life style and diet of people, but explain etiology, clinic manifestations and treatment of dentomaxillary abnormalities. The forth molars mostly are mostly described in people over the period of the XIX-XXІ centuries and only few researchers presented this variant in ancient people. The aim of the study was to estimate a case of supernumerary teeth in human remains, which represented by Chernyachov archarological culture artefacts. Sex and death age were established by methods widely accepted in anthropology. The method of analysis of dento-maxillary region developed by the authors and orthopantomography were used for dental examination. An undamaged skeleton was found during archaeologic expedition nearby the town of Shyshaki, Poltava region (burial No 112) in 2016 and now are kept at Archaeological Site Preservation and Research Centre (Poltava). Archaeologists defined the remains dated by the end of the IV c. AD. The skeleton belonged to 1820 years` women was in a good state; no pathological changes of the skeleton were found. Maxilla of the skeleton had supernumerary forth molar (tooth 19) and alveolar sockets of teeth 13, 12, 21, 22, 25, 27, 28 and 29 recorded as being lost anteand postmortem. Teeth presented neither enamel hypoplasia nor tooth wear. Root of tooth 19 was immature. Etiology of supernumerary teeth is still unclear yet, but there are no data supporting atavistic theory. Bilateral distomolars could be a symptom of systemic abnormalities of dentofacial region, but the skeleton studied had no pathological changes, so this abnormality could not be characterized as systemic. Supernumerary teeth could be described as a congenital anomaly associated with chromosome, autosome or dominant transmission, but the authors do not have enough evidence to prove such nature of this anomaly. This studied case is more likely related to the theory of hyperactivity of dental lamina during follicle development that dominates nowadays. According to morphological classification, supernumerary teeth in our case are of premolar shape. Сlinical manifestations of distomolars can be different. Distomolars can be asymptomatic and rarely found erupted; they may provoke no problems or hurt buccal mucosa. Also a retained distomolar may cause retention and pericoronaritis of the third molar, development of keratoand paradental cysts, localized periodontitis, decompression of lower alveolar nerve, or manifests itself in jaw fracture. Oral signs of retained distomolar are mobility of the third molar, discomfort feeling in retromolar area, bulging of mandible. Supernumery and retained teeth are mostly found by X-ray examinations usually taken for non-related dental problems. The distomolars investigated were retained and the mosy likely caused no problems. Basic methods of the treatment of the fourth molars are extraction and observation, however, choice of the treatment method depends on clinical manifestations and estimation of individual risk factors. Supernumerary retained fourth molars in the studied woman are non-systemic distomolars with premolar shape. Taking into account that most of the fourth molars are detected by X-ray examination, dentists should be careful not to miss this abnormality.

The territory of Poltava region belongs to the Buchatsky hydrogeological province, whose groundwater is characterized by an elevated fluorine level content. The cause of endemic dental fluorosis particularly in the children’s population of the region is water consumption with surplus concentration of this chemical element. Also, having fluorosis a condition that develops from a high fluoride concentration in drinking water- causes disorder of hard tooth tissues maturing, mineralizationand teeth germ development. This, in turn, has a negative influence on enamel amelogenin synthesis and violation of the crystals maturing, determines a surface porosity. The chalky spots, brown pigmentation, and enamel erosion destruction lesions are characterized the different severity manifestation of the fluorosis. The purpose of our research was to conduct a thorough analysis of all the material we found on this topic, gather all possible information on new trends in recent years in the treatment of dental fluorosis: what are the methods, their origins, indications for use, clinical stages and advantages. Dental enamel fluorosis requires different approaches to treatment depending on the severity of clinical manifestations. Obviously, as the leading method is remineralizing therapy. One of the method is offered by Nikolishina E.V. etc. [6], which is carried out in the following way: after carry out of the professional hygiene procedure, next step, individual caps were made of transparent silicone filled with 10% solution «Poltavsky Bishofit» and applied on the fluorosis teeth, daily course consist with 30 minutes and 10-20 procedures. Enamel microabrasion is the first minimally invasive treatment method of mild and moderate dental fluorosis using to removes opaque brown spots and surface roughness smoothing, providing a flat and shinier surface. The microabrasion technique involves etching with mild acid in combination with application of abrasive components. Resin infiltration has also become a popular treating dental fluorosis technique without loss of hard tissue. Resin infiltration is based on the application of hydrochloric acid to the hard tissues of the tooth and subsequent coating with a low-viscosity resin that penetrates into the microspaces of the tooth enamel. The cloaking effect is based on the refractive index. The optical properties of the affected enamel change and it looks like a healthy enamel surrounding. The indication to dental fluorosis treatment of severity forms in permanent teeth with mature roots is restoration of teeth, veneers, orthopedic crowns, if the microabrasive method hasn’t aesthetic effect efficiency. Thus, in cases of aesthetic changes due to fluorosis, minimally invasive restorative approaches that preserve dental hard tissue such as microabrasion method, external bleaching or resin infiltration should be considered before invasive restorative procedures. More invasive treatments may be considered if the results remain unsatisfactory.