Обследовано 18 пациентов с язвенным колитом (33,6+4,9 года), 19 -с болезнью Крона (34,5+6,2 года) и 20 здоровых лиц с целью: исследовать изменения жирнокислотного состава мембран эритроцитов и сыворотки крови у пациентов с язвенным колитом (ЯК) и болезнью Крона (БК) для возможного использования в дифференциальной диагностике. Профили жирных кислот (ЖК) сыворотки крови (СК) и мембран эритроцитов (Эр) у пациентов с БК и ЯК значительно отличались от профилей здоровых людей и между группами с ВЗК: уровень дигомо--линоленовой кислоты (C20:3 n-6), соотношение суммы эйкозапентаеновой и докозапентаеновой ЖК к арахидоновой кислоте оказалось выше, а уровни маргариновой (С17:0) и олеиновой (С18:1;с9) -ниже в мембранах Эр пациентов с ЯК в отличие от БК (р=0,03-0,05). Соотношение омега-3/омега-6 ПНЖК оказалось достоверно выше у здоровых, чем у пациентов с ВЗК, как в мембранах Эр, так и СК (р< 0,01-0,05). Выявлена повышенная активность дельта-6-десатуразы в СК и эритроцитах у больных с ВЗК в отличие от здоровых лиц (p=0,007-0,05). Созданные пилотные диагностические панели, включающие ЖК СК и мембран Эр позволили дифференцировать пациентов с ВЗК от здоровых (панели 1 -AUC 0,894 и 2 -AUC 0,819) с достаточно высокими уровнями чувствительности (0,82-0,86) и специфичности (0,88-0,74); и пациентов с ЯК от таковых с БК -панель 3 -AUC 0,734, чувствительность 0,68, специфичность 0,76). Полученные пилотные данные демонстрируют перспективность дальнейшего изучения уровней ЖК у больных с ВЗК как с точки зрения дифференциальной диагностики, так и таргета для терапии для поддержания ремиссии. Ключевые слова: язвенный колит, болезнь Крона, жирные кислоты, сыворотка крови, мембраны эритроцитов. 18 patients with ulcerative colitis (33.6 + 4.9 years), 19 patients with Crohn's disease (34.5 + 6.2 years) and 20 healthy individuals were examined with the aim of: investigating changes in the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes and serum in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) for possible use in differential diagnosis. The fatty acid (FA) profiles of blood serum (BS) and erythrocyte membranes (Er) in patients with CD and UC differed significantly from those of healthy people and between IBD groups: the level of digomo--linolenic acid (C20: 3 n-6) , the ratio of the sum of eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic FA to arachidonic acid turned out to be higher, and the levels of margaric (C17: 0) and oleic (C18: 1; s9) -lower in the Er membranes of patients with UC, unlike BS (p = 0,03-0, 05). The ratio of omega-3 / omega-6 PUFA turned out to be significantly higher in healthy than in patients with IBD in both Er membranes and BS (p <0.01-0.05). An increased activity of delta-6-desaturase in BS and erythrocytes was revealed in patients with IBD in contrast to healthy individuals (p = 0.007-0.05). Created pilot diagnostic panels, including FAs of BS and Er membranes, allowed differentiating patients with IBD from healthy ones (panels 1 -AUC 0.894 and 2 -AUC 0.819) with sufficiently high levels of sensitivity (0.82...

The aim of this work is to study the electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), examined in dynamics, as possible predictors of exacerbation of the disease. Material and methods. In dynamics, 23 patients with IBD (37.9 ± 4.3 years) were examined. The first examination was carried out in the stage of exacerbation, the second – after 6–12 months – in the stage of remission of IBD. Additionally, 36 patients with IBD in remission were examined to assess the predictive capabilities of erythrocyte parameters with subsequent monitoring of their condition for 6–12 months. The electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes were investigated by dielectrophoresis. Statistical processing was carried out using a system of machine learning methods – Random Forest, MATLAB (R2019a, MathWorks). Results and discussion. The parameters of erythrocytes, which are predictors of exacerbation of IBD, were revealed: an increase in the proportion of deformed cells (p = 0.0001); altered nature of the erythrocyte surface (p = 0.011); increased electrical conductivity of membranes (p = 0.0019); reduced dipole moment (p = 0.0015), the rate of directional movement of erythrocytes to the electrodes (p = 0.005) (paired and unpaired Volcano plot methods), reduced deformation amplitude at a frequency of 5×105 Hz (p = 0.009), capacity of erythrocyte membranes (p = 0.029 ) (unpaired Volcano plot method). Indicators associated with changes in the charge of cells, the structure of erythrocyte membranes and the level of energy metabolism of the cell turned out to be significant. A high diagnostic accuracy of these indicators was established as predictors: the proportion of deformed cells (AUC 0.939), a summarized viscosity index (AUC 0.932). Cluster analysis of the values of erythrocyte parameters – predictors of exacerbation made it possible to stratify the risk of exacerbation: at the most altered levels of parameters – the development of exacerbation after 2.5–4.5 months, intermediate levels – after 4–6 months, minimally changed – after 8–12 months (predictive accuracy – 92 %). Conclusions. The revealed electrical and viscoelastic parameters of erythrocytes should be considered as promising predictors of exacerbation in patients with IBD.