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In recent decades a scientific school in the area of the physics and technology of beryllium has been created at the National Scientific Center "Khar'kov Physicotechnical Institute." In the course of developing and extending previously performed investigations, the most important problems have been solved. The solutions to these problems have made it possible to expand the range of use of beryllium, turning it into an irreplaceable material of aerospace technology, instrument construction, and nuclear and thermonuclear power engineering. However, the use of beryllium has been largely held back by its insufficient degree of plasticity, the anisotropy of the physico-mechanical properties, high internal stresses, toxicity, and high cost.A dependence of the properties of compact metal on the grain size and the purity was established on the basis of a structure-impurity conception of the creation of the next generation of beryllium materials developed by the Khar'kov Physicotechnical Institute. It is precisely this which has served as the foundation for a new scientific approach that makes it possible to substantially improve the quality of the metal.In recent years the isotropicity of the physicomechanical properties and thermophysical characteristics of articles has been among the basic requirements imposed on beryllium construction materials and, above all, materials used for gyroscopes and optical metals.Near all beryllium metal is obtained by methods of powder metallurgy. The properties of cermet beryllium depend largely on the method used to produce the powder and the conditions under which it is obtained, the dispersity of the powder, the densification method, and the chemical composition of the metal. Isotropic beryllium cannot be obtained National Scientific Center "Khar'kov Physicotechnical Institute".