Currently, there is an increased demand for biodegradable materials in society due to growing environmental problems. Special attention is paid to bacterial cellulose, which, due to its unique properties, has great prospects for obtaining functional materials for a wide range of applications, including adsorbents. In this regard, the aim of this study was to obtain a biocomposite material with adsorption properties in relation to fluoride ions based on bacterial cellulose using a highly productive strain of Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans H-110 on molasses medium. Films of bacterial cellulose were obtained. Their structure and properties were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, NMR, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray structural analysis. The results show that the fiber thickness of the bacterial cellulose formed by the K. sucrofermentans H-110 strain on molasses medium was 60–90 nm. The degree of crystallinity of bacterial cellulose formed on the medium was higher than on standard Hestrin and Schramm medium and amounted to 83.02%. A new biocomposite material was obtained based on bacterial cellulose chemically immobilized on its surface using atomic-layer deposition of nanosized aluminum oxide films. The composite material has high sorption ability to remove fluoride ions from an aqueous medium. The maximum adsorption capacity of the composite is 80.1 mg/g (F/composite). The obtained composite material has the highest adsorption capacity of fluoride from water in comparison with other sorbents. The results prove the potential of bacterial cellulose-based biocomposites as highly effective sorbents for fluoride.

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