Aim. We aimed to evaluate levels of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in the serum, lymph nodes, and primary tumour in patients with colorectal cancer.Materials and Methods. Here we enrolled 44 patients with colorectal cancer and 25 patients with benign tumours of the colon admitted to Chita Regional Cancer Centre in 2019-2020. The control group included 25 patients with colon injury. The concentration of TGF-β1 in the serum, lymph nodes, and tumour homogenate was measured by flow cytometry (CytoFlex LX analyzer and LEGENDplex HU multiplex analysis kit).Results. Serum level of TGF-β1 in patients with colorectal cancer was 1.58-fold lower than in those with benign colon tumours and 1.38-fold lower than in the control group. In contrast, TGF-β1 level in tumor tissue was 5.91 (3.86; 7.81) fold higher than in the injured colonic tissue from the control group, although there were no statistically significant differences between the cancerous tissue and benign neoplasms.Conclusion. TGF-β1 is increased in tumour tissue but reduced in the serum of patients with colorectal cancer.

Aim. To develop a computer program to determine the probability of colorectal cancer based on the assessment of the levels of CTLA-4 and its ligand B7.2.Materials and methods. The study included 44 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and 25 patients with benign tumors of the colon. The control group consisted of 25 individuals who had been operated for colon injury. We determined the levels of CTLA-4 and B7.2 in the blood serum and in the supernatants of tumor tissue and lymph node homogenates using flow cytofluorometry.Results. We found that the level of CTLA-4 in the blood serum increased by 2.77 times in CRC patients compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The concentration of CTLA-4 in the tumor tissue in patients with CRC was 2.34 times higher than in the control group (p = 0.007). The concentration of the B7.2 ligand in the blood serum of patients with CRC exceeded this parameter in the control group by 2.51 times (p = 0.002). The concentration of B7.2 in the tumor tissue of CRC patients was 1.68 times higher (p = 0.004) than in the control group. The analysis of the obtained data determined the parameters that have prognostic value in the structure of the diagnostic model. Using these parameters, we developed a computer program to determine the probability of CRC in the patient.Conclusion. The data obtained demonstrate an increase in the levels of CTLA-4 and its ligand B7.2 in the serum and tumor tissue of patients with CRC.

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