Periodontitis, initiated by the subgingival biofilm and modified by the individual’s inflammatory/immune response, has been associated with vascular dysfunction. To analyze microcirculation indices in periodontal tissues and determine the activity of the enzymatic component of antioxidant defense and humoral immunity factors, a single-blind non-invasive clinical trial was realized. Forty subjects, aged from 30 to 65 years, with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis (chronic generalized periodontitis, CGP) vs. 40 subjects as periodontally healthy were recruited. Information such as capillary diameter, capillary blood flow velocity, concentration of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in serum, vascular endothelial growth factor, and enzymatic component of antioxidant protection were taken. The revealed microcirculatory dysfunctions in patients with CGP clearly demonstrate the progressive disorder of periodontal tissue perfusion and oxygenation, the presence of increased vascular permeability and functional failure of the microvascular system in the lesion. Cytokine profile of CGP patients’ blood serum demonstrated a significant increase of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-4 levels as well as statistically significant decrease of IL-1ra, IL-10 concentration. Participants with CGP demonstrated a dominant superiority of IgM and IgG levels. In conclusion, these results contribute to a better understanding of potential correlation between microvascular changes and local and systemic markers of inflammation.

One of the leading places in dental practice is occupied by inflammatory periodontal disease. The causes of this pathology are very diverse. The leading link in the pathogenesis is microbial contamination. In the pathogenesis of the severity of the inflammatory process is largely associated with disorders in the immune system. The aim of the study was to determine the nature of immunological disorders in patients with periodontal disease and to evaluate the effectiveness of immunocorrecting therapy. 20 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis and a control group consisting of 10 people were examined. Also, for a more accurate final result, a comparison was made with a group of patients without somatic pathology, which, in turn, was divided into two groups with a percentage of 58 to 42. The efficiency of immunomodulatory therapy in children with the revealed pathology of the immune system is shown. Local therapy with the addition of lysozyme in the form of local applications was used in complex treatment. The practical significance of the work is to optimize the diagnosis and immunocorrecting therapy in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. The results will be implemented in the work of the dental clinic base of the Department of dentistry №3 of the North Ossetian state medical Academy.