Standard papers regulating the quality of waters of different types are considered. Procedures for determining water quality indexes are briefly reviewed.

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Abstract. The purpose of the investigation was a survey of the modern complex index estimation of dairy cattle in the countries of the European Union and the USA and developing of own principal scheme of multipurpose evaluation of animals due to prior received data of economic useful traits. As a result of the research, significant differences were revealed both between the significance of the groups of traits and between the numbers of evaluated indicators in different countries. This shows the diversity of interests of breeders and farmers. The prior analysis of indicators of economic useful traits of Holstein Kholmogorskiy cattle in the farms of the Murmansk region allowed to determine main directions of animal selection and to develop the algorithm of animal evaluation by complex of economic useful trait indices. The developed algorithm of complex evaluation for dairy cattle includes four evaluation blocks – indices of reproductive ability, longevity, and milk production, and, separately, milk yield. We propose to evaluate reproductive abilities by direct indicators and indirect indicators, for example, take into account exterior traits, and predisposed to abortion and female disorders. The evaluation of longevity includes indices of the exterior, accounted also a predisposition to four main groups of disease – udder disease, female disorders, aborts, lame. The milk productivity evaluation includes traits of the milk quality composition, the property of the lactation curve and characteristics of the udder from the exterior and predispose to udder diseases. In total, it is proposed to calculate the multipurpose evaluation of animals by 23 traits, including all aspects of health and productive features of dairy cattle. The scientific novelty of the research is the use of a mixed model affecting various indicators of productivity and longevity for assessing the main economical useful traits in the developed algorithm. The developed assessment system will allow to comprehensively improve the herd taking into account the current state of dairy cattle breeding in the Murmansk region.

Abstract. The purpose of the research is to determine the optimal level of fibre and its fractions, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), in the ration of cows with milk yield 6–7 thousand kg according to the period of the physiological cycle. The scientific and economic experiment was carried out with two groups of cows, control and test, 10 animals in each other, during the whole period of lactation. The ration of control group cows corresponded to the economic one. The analysis of the crude fibre in feeds doesn't identify a reasonably accurate content of the fibre and its fractions. Therefore, the research includes the elaborated method of fractionation of structural carbohydrates (Van Soest et al.). As a result of the research, the optimal level of the crude fibre and its fractions (NDF and ADF) was determined in the cow rations according to the periods of the physiological cycle. It was established that the level of the crude fibre should be 20.5 %; NDF – 40.0 %; ADF – 25.0 % during the first phase of lactation (14–100 days). For the period of the second phase of lactation (101–200 days) the content of the crude fiber – 22,5 %, NDF – 41,3 %, and ADF – 26,3 %. For the period of the third phase of lactation (201–305 days) the level of the crude fibre should be 25,0 %; NDF – 45,5 %; ADF – 25,4 %. The novelty of the research is that we determined the requirements of the milk cows for the crude fibre, NDF and ADF according to the physiological periods in the conditions of the Arctic region. Separation of the fibre into fractions makes it possible to reveal more fully its composition, and consequently to show more precisely digesting of each fraction in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and to determine the role of fibre in providing of animals by energy.

Abstract. The aim of the study is to compare two methods for assessing the breeding value of cows (comparison with peers and BLUP) during the analyzing process of the influence of lines on milk production. It is necessary to identify the most accurate and objective method for further use in the system for assessing of genealogical groups by a set of characteristics. Methods. We used one- and two-way analysis of variance. Comparative analysis of breeding values for milk production of genealogical groups (lines) using the methods of comparison with peers and BLUP. The ranking of genealogical groups by the results of assessing of breeding value and the calculating of the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were made. Results. According to the results of the analysis of variance, the strength of the influence of the environmental factor “year and season” on the milk productivity of first-calf cows was +0.62 of the total variance (P < 0.01). Hereditary factors were assessed by the method of two-way analysis of variance of an uneven complex. The strength of the influence of the lines on the milk productivity of first-calf cows was 0.011 of the total variance (P < 0.05). The use of the method of comparison with peers, the dependence on a sufficient number of representatives of the genealogical group was revealed. BLUP analysis of lines changed their ranking. The number of animals in the studied groups does not affect the distribution of ranks with this method of assessment. The rank correlation between BLUP and peer comparison methods was 0.65. It has been established that the BLUP assessment is currently the most objective and takes into account the bias of the assessment under the influence of an insufficient number of animals. The novelty of the study is the first time the use of the BLUP method was tested on the livestock population in the Murmansk region to assess the breeding value based on the milk productivity of the lines.