The concept of cluster is widely used in various fields of knowledge and, above all, in the economy. In recent decades, the term has become increasingly common in the area of spatial planning. However, the definition proposed by economic science does not reveal the essence of the cluster for use in this area. The term cluster has entered into domestic practice in the transition to an innovative economy and the subsequent reindustrialization of the country. Nevertheless, the elaboration of the issue from the point of view of territorial planning is clearly not enough. Based on the analysis of available interpretations, the article proposes an expanded formulation of the concept of cluster, which corresponds to economic approaches and can be considered as a structural unit of spatial organization of the environment in urban planning. The attempt of the structural description of the territorial cluster taking into account features of economic development of Russia and formation of industrial infrastructure is carried out.

внес значительный вклад в развитие устойчивой архитектуры в Сибири. Он активно изучал взаимодействие архитектурных объектов с окружающей средой и с учетом полученных данных разрабатывал конструктивное и пластическое решение своих зданий. Именно благодаря системному, экологическому подходу в сибирских условиях были созданы художественно полноценные произведения архитектуры, обладавшие такими качествами, как устойчивость к неблагоприятному воздействию климата, долговечность и экономичность в эксплуатации.

The modern stage of world technological development is characterized by high rates of qualitative and quantitative growth in all branches of production activity. This becomes possible with the introduction of innovations not only directly in the production, but also in all spheres of life, including a search for and solution of new approaches to spatial organization and planning of the territory development. There are special territorial clusters, the organizational structure of which allows to implement the required conditions and rates of development. They are characterized not only by a set of elements for the industrial development, such as the production, science, education and infrastructure, but also close relationships and innovation. This is the only way to ensure the functioning of territorial education and modern industrial development. The uniqueness of each cluster element is determined by the industrial requirements. Nevertheless, their location in the city depends on the urban zoning, facilities and prospective areas. Depending on the spatial organization of the cluster elements, they can be monolithic and dispersed and locate both inside the city and at periphery. In any case, these four types of clusters and their development determine the urban planning. The cluster types reveal not only functional, but also territorial structure. It is this aspect that makes it possible to comprehensively and fully characterize the new territorial formation in the field of urban planning.Purpose: The aim of the paper is to show the specificity of the new territorial formation and identify its planning types that have an impact on urban planning in Russia.Methodology: Analysis of the literature containing information about the cluster (scientific papers, research results, analytical data and reports, regulatory sources, including design guidance).Research findings: Four planning types of the territorial cluster are identified. The planning types of clusters covering all possible options in territorial planning are defined, regardless of their specialization and size.

Public transport is not only an element of a city ensuring the territorial integrity, but also a factor that significantly affects the quality of the urban environment. Improvement of the public transport system and optimization its types make it possible to rebuild the urban space, providing territories for public, recreational and other functions of the city. The transport infrastructure in the urban environment without these functions results in negative consequences.The aim of the work is to identify the advanced trends in the organization of the public transport system based on the experience of cities with a high level of urban comfort.It is shown that without the interaction with external and internal components of the urban and transport systems, the infrastructure of public transport cannot be considered, since transport becomes a competitor for land resources for pedestrian, cycling infrastructure and landscaping. It is found that the optimization of the transport system must be oriented towards the accessibility of urban areas at any time, expanding pedestrian and green areas and reducing the negative impact on the urban environment.