Objective: To evaluate the potential effect of poly-vitamins and probiotics use among preschool children permanently living within iodine deficiency territory on caries prevention. Material and Methods: 80 children aged 2-3 years old were randomly distributed among the study group (21 male and 19 females) and control group (20 males and 20 females). Oral fluid samples were formed from each study subject during primary examination and after 1 year of monitoring, which further were analyzed by parameters associated with mineralization potential of oral fluid. Both groups were provided with oral hygiene educational training, while the study group was also prescribed with poly-vitamin-mineral drug complex and probiotics. Results: After 1 year of monitoring, no significant changes considering caries prevalence (p>0.05) or intensity (p>0.05) values were registered among study and control groups. Difference of free calcium level, phosphate ion level and alkaline phosphatase activity was statistically approved (p<0.05) while comparing between study and control group after 12 months of monitoring. Conclusion: Caries preventive approach consisted of oral hygiene educational training and course of properly prescribed poly-vitamins and probiotics intake demonstrates positive results related to the changes within mineralization potential of oral fluid among preschool children with long-term residence over geographically associated iodine-deficient territory.

In press The prevalence of dental diseases is high, regardless of age. In the literature, the indicators of the prevalence and intensity of the main dental nosologies in different parts of Ukraine are widely covered. However, they are significantly higher in regions with contrasting geographical conditions, one of which is the Chernivtsi region. That is why the study of dental morbidity in children in the age aspect in this region is relevant. The purpose of the study is to study the prevalence and intensity of caries of temporary and permanent teeth in children of different ages living in Bukovina. To establish the dental status of children in Bukovyna, we examined 839 children of various ages in 13 schools of Chernivtsi region. The following observation groups were selected: I – 306 6-year-old children, II – 298 12-year-old children, III – 235 15-year-old children. The prevalence, intensity of caries of temporary and permanent teeth, Significant Caries Index, level of dental care were evaluated. The degree of probability of the obtained results was statistically assessed. Because of the conducted research, it was established that the incidence of caries of temporary and permanent teeth, regardless of age and region of residence, is high: in 6-year-old children ‒ 96.73%, in 12-year-old children ‒ 84.89%, in 15-year-old children ‒ 89.78%. In temporary teeth, the intensity of caries was 5.19±0.30 teeth. In the structure of the index, the "d" component was from 77.47% to 87.45% depending on the region, with the share of caries complications in this structure – 12.53‒15.48%. Prematurely removed temporary molars were detected in all regions of Bukovyna: from 1.59% to 4.39%. Every fourth to fifth child aged 6 has 1-2 recently erupted permanent teeth affected by caries, and in mountainous areas – almost every second one. The "D" component was also predominant. In its structure, 5.55% were complications of caries in recently erupted permanent teeth of children living in the mountainous region. With age, the values of the caries intensity index increased: 4.28 times in 12-year-olds and 6.40 times in 15-year-olds compared to 6-year-olds. The ratio between the components of the indicator remained the same as in the previous age period ‒ the number of carious teeth predominated over filled ones. At 12-year-old children, caries complications were 7.95%, at 15-year-old children – 5.57%. The level of providing dental care to children was satisfactory only for 15-year-old children of the Vyzhnytsky district. In the rest of the regions, regardless of age, the level of providing dental care was insufficient. Therefore, the high prevalence and intensity of caries of temporary and permanent teeth, the insufficient level of providing dental care indicate the need to study the risk factors for the development of caries in children for the further development of regionally adapted treatment and prevention programs. Keywords: children, caries, complications of caries, prevalence, intensity, SiC-index.

The aim of our study is to increase the efficacy of treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus by means of improvement of the methods of pharmacological correction on the basis of investigation of clinical-immunologic peculiarities of the disease. Materials and methods: 2 groups of the study were formed. Children received basic insulin therapy. The treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children from the main group were suggested the antiseptic solution “Decasan”; pill of a probiotic action “BioGaia ProDentis” and the immune modulator “Imupret”. Children from the comparative group were treated according to the common scheme. Results: The state of the oral hygiene in all the children after treatment improved considerably. According to PMA index inflammatory process was completely eliminated in children from the main group. A similar tendency was observed concerning sextants with gingival bleeding. In children dental calculus was lacking after treatment. Lysozyme activity in the oral fluid of children after treatment increased approximately 37.50% in the main group, and 16,67 % – in the comparison group. A similar tendency was found concerning sIgА level. Conclusions: Therefore, conducted course of the treatment concerning chronic catarrhal gingivitis promoted considerable improvement of the periodontal tissue in children.

The high prevalence of acute peritonitis, its unpredictable course, and the rapid development of systemic dysfunctions necessitate further study of the disease. It is relevant to use the principle of personalized medicine, which is based on the selection of diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive means taking into account the patient's genetic, physiological, biochemical and other characteristics. The paper presents data on the diagnosis and treatment of acute peritonitis in 246 patients who, in addition to standard clinical, biochemical, immunoenzymatic and genetic studies, were conducted to determine the role of proinflammatory cytokines (IL1β) in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory process and the development of its complications. The dependence of the manifestations of inflammation and it’s spread on the concentration of IL1β in the blood and variants of the IL1β gene (‒511C/T), which regulates its secretion, is shown. The processes of peroxidic oxidation, antioxidant protection, unlimited proteolysis, fibrinolytic activity in the implementation of systemic reactions in peritonitis were studied, and their individual variability was shown. On the basis of the conducted research, the stages of surgical interventions, drug treatment schemes and proposed methods of prevention of various complications have been improved. This approach to diagnosis, forecasting the course of acute peritonitis, and the choice of treatment tactics is personalized and provides an opportunity to significantly improve the results of treatment of such patients and reduce mortality. Keywords: peritonitis, genetic studies, systemic inflammatory reactions, prognosis.

Various factors, both internal and external, lead to the development of caries. Today, the study of molecular genetic predictors of disease, including dental caries, has become widespread. We searched for literature sources in domestic and foreign scientometric databases in order to study the current state of the molecular genetic mechanisms of dental caries. Studies of the inheritance of dental caries in children using the twin method have clearly shown the key role of genetic markers in the development of the disease. Predisposition or resistance to caries may be the result of one or more genotypes, phenotypes and environmental influences. Tooth enamel is one of the most mineralized tissues in vertebrates, which is characterized by high strength and high compactness. Enamel formation is the result of a series of ectomesenchymal interactions. Enamel defects occur as a result of disturbances in the formation of teeth and can lead to changes in the formation of enamel or calcification of the organic matrix. Particular attention should be paid to enamel defects that occur as a result of disorders in the formation of teeth and can lead to changes in the formation of enamel or calcification of the organic matrix. Insufficiently mineralized or irregular enamel structure can lead to caries. Differential genetic factors on different anatomical structures of teeth, different surfaces of deciduous and permanent teeth also contribute to the development of carious lesions. In addition to defective mineralization, genotypic variations also make enamel more vulnerable. Numerous studies have established the role of inheritance of dental caries and identified the main genes that ensure the resistance of enamel to cariogenic factors, the completeness of the composition of saliva and the rate of salivation. Keywords: caries, molecular genetic determinants, amelogenesis genes, dentinogenesis genes.