Annotation. Metformin is widely used for pharmacocorrection of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanisms of the protective effect of metformin on the kidneys remain unclear, in particular, the contribution of the hydrogen sulfide system to metformin’s nephroprotective effect is unknown. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the role of metformin and its combination with modulators of hydrogen sulfide metabolism in the correction of histological changes in the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The studies were performed on 30 white non-linear male rats, which were divided into five groups: 1 group - control; group 2 – animals with experimental diabetes, which was initiated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg of weight) in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5); Group 3 - animals with experimental diabetes, which were treated with metformin (500 mg/kg/day, intragastrically) from the 3rd to the 28th day; Group 4 - animals with diabetes mellitus, which, along with metformin, were administered NaHS (56 μmol/kg/day, intragastrically); Group 5 - animals with diabetes mellitus, which, along with metformin, were administered propargylglycine (442 μmol/kg/day, intragastrically). Histological examinations were performed according to generally accepted methods using an Olympus BX-41 light microscope (Olympus Europe GmbH, Japan). It was found that animals with experimental diabetes develop nephrosclerosis and glomerular hypertrophy, damage to the endothelium of kidney vessels, interstitial inflammation, and edema, and dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in the glomeruli. The administration of metformin to diabetic animals reduced the severity of nephrosclerosis, glomerular hypertrophy, destruction of vascular endotheliocytes, inflammation, and damage to the glomerular apparatus. The use of the hydrogen sulfide donor NaHS increased the nephroprotective activity of metformin, while the introduction of the hydrogen sulfide synthesis inhibitor- propargylglycine, significantly reduced the protective effect of metformin on the kidneys. The obtained results of the histological examination justify the feasibility of implementation of a hydrogen sulfide donor in order to potentiate the renoprotective effect of metformin.

Annotation. The medical chemistry course for medical university students include separate sections of inorganic, analytical, physical and colloidal chemistry. Medical chemistry as an educational discipline lays the foundations for students to study medical and biological disciplines of general training which include biological chemistry, normal physiology, pathological physiology, pharmacology, as well as professional training disciplines – orthopedic, therapeutic and surgical dentistry. The purpose of the work was to reveal the possibilities of the subject “Medical Chemistry” for the development of the personality of a dental student’s, their acquisition of practical skills, the formation of the foundations of chemical competence in the future dentist. The following materials were used when writing the article: Educational and professional program “Dentistry” (Vinnytsia, 2021), a methodical manual created by the teachers of the Department of Biological and General Chemistry “Chemistry in Dentistry”, a workbook on medical chemistry for students of the Faculty of Dentistry, as well as developed test control before practical classes with presentation of laboratory works. The article describes the role of s-, p- and d- elements, organic substances in the processes occurring in the oral cavity, as well as in the treatment and prevention of dental diseases. The contribution of electrochemical processes in the development of dental pathology is considered. Along with this, the need to use various electrochemical methods (electrophoresis and iontophoresis) to prevent and to treat the diseases of the oral cavity is explained. Thus, knowledge of chemical processes and interactions is necessary to understand the principles of chemical action of drugs, chemical interactions between the oral environment and dental material. Which makes it possible to ensure an effective and safe treatment process.

Annotation. In 2022, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the aggravation of the food crisis, as a result of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, the share of the world's starving population has increased to 9.8% of the world's population. According to the literature, metabolic and neuroendocrine disorders during starvation have a negative impact on cognitive processes and social behavior. The aim of the study was to justify experimentally the feasibility of using glutargin for the correction of cognitive disorders in rats with partial food deprivation. The work includes such research methods as modeling of food deprivation according to the patented method, assessment of behavioral reactions and emotional state of rats using the "Open field" method, and study of working memory functions by the method of recognizing new objects. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out using non-parametric methods of analysis (MANOVA-test) using Statistica 6.0 software. Differences at p < 0.05 were considered significant. Partial food deprivation led to a decrease in the body weight of rats (about 30%, p<0.05), and an increase in the level of anxiety, which is evidenced by an increase in the average indicators of grooming by 53.7% and the average value of vertical activity by almost three times compared to the control group, a decrease in horizontal activity by 64.07%, which may be the result of a decrease in research activity and a decrease in interest to the environment. In contrast, in rats treated with glutargin, scores of anxiety were almost constant throughout the experiment. The test of recognition of new objects conducted at the end of the treatment shows that glutargin statistically significantly increased the coefficient of discrimination (CD), which indicated the restoration of nonspatial memory disorders that occurred in rats with experimental food deprivation. The obtained results are an experimental basis for further clinical studies devoted to the possibility of the practical use of glutargin in the complex treatment of patients with nutritional deficiency.