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The considered period is characterized by the major changes in economic, political, religious and cultural life of the Russian Empire. Missionary service extended and deepened. At the same time, parishes were of great importance, new dioceses in which various forms of charity and church education were allocated. The authors analyzed activity of missionary societies in the educational sphere in the Oryol Province in 19 th-the beginning of the 20 th century. As an example, the authors highlight the activities of the Oryol Orthodox Peter and Paul Brotherhood, established in 1887 by the Oryol diocese, which resolved issues of Orthodox charity. The authors conclude that missionary activity in 19 th-the beginning of the 20 th century played the major role in raising the level of education, both in separate parts of the Russian state, and in the Russian Empire as a whole.