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The growth and development of the facial skeleton is closely related to the growth of the cervical division of the spinal column. With a total increase in rate of osteopenic diseases and diseases of periodontal tissues, computed tomography becomes a particular relevant diagnostic technique for assessing bone density. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the mineral density values of the jaw bone tissue and the mineral density values of the second cervical vertebra in patients with malocclusions. Materials and methods. We analyzed 22 computer tomograms of orthodontic patients and divided all cases into two age groups according to the periods of dentofacial development. The bone density of the second cervical vertebra and jaw bones was measured in various sections. Results. The optical bone density in the second cervical vertebra increases with age from 501±61.06 to 550.6±45.32. The densest area in both jaws is the alveolar ridge between the central incisors. The lowest values of optical density were found in the area of the upper jaw tuberosity in both groups. In the lower jaw, similar results of bone density were found out in the second cervical vertebra and the articular head, 436 HU and 557 HU in the groups I and II, respectively. In both jaws, the most similar densitometric indicators of bone density were found in the second cervical vertebra and the bifurcation site of the first molars. Only in the group II, this figure was 724.77±41.64 HU at p2<0,01 in the lower jaw. Conclusions. Bone tissue densitometry by computed tomography is a highly informative diagnostic technique and can be used to diagnose the condition of the jaw bone tissue and to assess the quality of orthodontic treatment. The value of the second cervical vertebra is a stable indicator of mineral density in all age groups. The results obtained allow us to recommend applying these indicators for the comparative characteristic of change in mineral density in the alveolar processes of jaw bones to check the progress of orthodontic treatment.

Orthodontic treatment is a long-lasting and difficult process which requires compliance between doctor and patient. It is a complex process, duration of which increases with transition from temporary to permanent bite. The main factor of orthodontic treatment is the cost of the procedure because there are new and modern tools and equipment. There are several ways to reduce orthodontic treatment: in the period of changing teeth, these are methods of corrective teeth extraction, based on the difference in the mesial-distal dimensions of milk (temporary) molars and method Hotz, replacing them with premolars, is the removal of individual healthy teeth according to the chosen treatment strategy bite disorders, compact osteotomy, the use of various physiotherapeutic methods without drugs and with the use of agents that promote bone tissue relaxation in combination with active physical factors and others related to the improvement of orthodontic appliances. The most significant factor in orthodontic treatment, resulting in a number of cases of interrupting the correction process, is its duration, up to 2-3 years in the period of permanent teeth. One more serious problem in orthodontic treatment associated with strategic choice of extraction or nonextraction method of treatment is stability of received clinical results. Only therapeutic prognosis of stabile morphological and functional clinical advantages of orthodontic treatment can be a basis for choice of orthodontic treatment management with the use of extraction of some healthy teeth. So, the problem of orthodontic treatment both in children and adults is one of the most important in bite correction. That’s why surgeries are involved in complex orthodontic treatment. Extraction of some permanent teeth is coordinated decision between patient and orthodontist considering the number of factors. Orthodontist must be theoretically competitive in the peculiarities of child’s organism. Despite the use of surgery of healthy teeth in orthodontic treatment in European and scientific literature the choice of extraction and nonextraction method of treatment has been yet discussable. New diagnostic methods, modern orthodontic appliances, national peculiarities of face and other features are needed for correct European thought in orthodontist.

Now an orthodontist is a very demandable dental specialist due to increasing number of patients seeking for orthodontic care. Analysis of patients by their age, diagnosis and sex can allow orthodontists to understand more clearly which pathology and which patients are the most prevalent and to find the best approaches to satisfy the clients’ demands. This analysis provides the potential to create more targeted approach in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of malocclusions. At the Department of Postgraduate Education of Orthodontists, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy, we performed an analysis of 2,359 outpatient medical cards (1296 patients, who took treatment in 2019, and 1063 patients, who took treatment in 1999). It is noteworthy that for the 20-year period the number of people seeking for orthodontic care has risen in 9.9 times, despite the rapid development of private dentistry services. The data of the analysis have demonstrated that today adults make up the larges share of the orthodontic patients. Therefore, orthodontic correction by using fixed appliances has become a priority. Moreover, female individuals ask for help more often that is determined by the increase in women's social attitude to their appearance. All this confirms social and psychological significance of orthodontics. As for the male individuals seeking for orthodontic care, their number has been found out to increase in the age 14 – 18 that may be related to the findings revealed at pre-military medical checkups. As for the commonest types of malocclusions for these two periods, I class malocclusion by Angle has been found out as the most prevalent, II class by Angle is ranking the second position and III class by Angle and a deep bite are sharing the third position.

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