Bacterial preparations contribute to the digestion of mineral nutrition, have antifungicidal activity, increase the grain productivity and biomass of cultivated crops. We studied the influence of microbiological preparations developed on the basis of microorganisms Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus buchneri on the growth processes, photosynthetic parameters and grain productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) of Sonet variety. The experiments were performed in 2019 in the North-West of the Russian Federation. The biological preparations were introduced by soaking seeds and treatment of the plants in the phase of third leaf with solutions of the preparations in the concentration of 1 mL/L. The laboratory surveys revealed the positive effect of the biological preparations on germination rate and energy of germination of seeds. Field trials were conducted on micro plots in six replications. During field experiments, we determined that introduction of biological preparations led to significant increase in the leaf area in the experimental plants (to 64.5%), increase in average daily growth gains (to 82.9%) and accumulation of biomass (to 73.1%). Somewhat higher efficiency was exerted by the biological preparation developed on the basis of a strain of L. buchneri. Perhaps, such effect takes place due to higher activity of pigment units of phytohormones of the auxin group. In our opinion, biological preparations accelerate the completion of the ontogenesis phases, thus the plants more rapidly achieve their genetically programmed sizes and transform to the stage of ear-formation. The studied biological preparations increased the coefficient of agricultural use of plants, and grain productivity of barley by up to 15.8%, and nutritional value remained. Microbial preparations on the basis of B. subtilis and L. buchneri exhibited efficiency, and their trials shall be continued on other crops on industrial scales.

The article explores the impact of microbial biologics on the yield of one-year ryegrass and the quality characteristics of feed obtained during the silage of green crop mass. The introduction of preparations, made on the basis of live strains of microorganisms – Bacillus subtilis (“Naturost”), Lactobacillus buchneri (“Naturost-Aktiv”), and Bacillus megaterium (“Naturost-M”), was carried out by soaking the seeds before sowing and processing vegetative organs of plants. Small-scale field studies were conducted in the Vologda Oblast in 2019–2020, and silage experiments were held in a laboratory. Under the influence of biologics, the productivity of ryegrass green mass has increased up to 41.2 %. Moreover, biologics had an impact on the preservation of nutrients in the produced silage, the yield of feed units, and exchange energy in ryegrass silage mass from the seeding area of the experimental variants was higher, compared to the control, by 36.2–52.8% and 31.3–42.8%, respectively. A high yield of green crop mass was obtained in experiments using the “Naturost-Aktiv” and “Naturost” biologics. In terms of physical and chemical parameters and nutritional value, the best feed was obtained from ryegrass biomass in the variant with a preparation based on Bacillus subtilis (“Naturost”) bacteria.

In the current conditions of intense technologies of milk production, the feeding of dairy cows is aimed at providing fast rates of growth and maximum productivity over a short period. However, such systems of diets often have negative effects on the health of the animals as a result of metabolism malfunctioning. The present study was conducted to assess the influence of the enzyme probiotic preparation Rumit, developed based on cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the rumen of reindeer, on dairy activity, food intake, density of ciliate fauna of the rumen, feeding activity, and also metabolic profile and the level of natural resistance of newly-calved heifers. To conduct the experiment, we composed two groups (control and experimental) of first-calf heifers with 12 individuals in their first 100 days of lactation after calving. The first-calf heifers of the experimental group, in addition to the main diet, received the preparation in the amount of 50 g per individual daily in the lunch time feeding for 90 days. Inclusion of the probiotic increased the dairy productivity, particularly a 3.1 kg increase in the average yield of daily 4%-fat milk, 9.6 kg in the butterfat output, and 7.7 kg in that of dairy protein. With increase in dairy productivity, a 0.09 EFU (energy fodder units, equals 10 MJ) decrease was observed in energy expenditure for 1 kg of milk. Intake of the probiotic led to increase in the index of nutritional activity by 0.03 units and increase in the density of ciliates by 155, 900 individuals/mL. Use of the biopreparation had a positive effect on the metabolic processes in the organism of heifers. The animals of the experimental group were observed to have an increase in the content of the total protein in the blood, 12.5% decrease in the urea, and glucose concentration reached the normative values. In the first-calf heifers that had received the food supplement in addition to their diet, the physiological parameters of health normalized and the protective abilities of the organism activated, the pulse and respiration frequencies increased (by 3.8% and 6.6%), the phagocytic index grew by 30.2%, and the absorptive ability of neutrophils increased by 40%. Thus, enzyme probiotic preparation Rumit confirmed its efficiency when fed to newly-calved heifers.

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To increase the production efficiency and competitiveness of livestock products, the rearing of young calves is important, one of the main conditions of which is a full-fledged feeding. An indispensable task is to create conditions in the rumen of ruminants in which feed mixtures are maximally digested and assimilated, and also serve as preventive measures against diseases. For these purposes, on the basis of two farms of the Vologda Oblast (Ltd "Zazerkal'e" and SPK "Kolkhoz Andoga") we conducted a scientific-economic experience of using the probiotic preparation "Rumit" in feeding the Russian Black Pied calves during dairy rearing period. For this purpose, we formed two groups of animals at the age of 2 months in experimental farms by paired-analogy method; each group contained 10 animals. The experimental group was fed Rumit supplement in addition to the basic diet at the rate of 15 g per day per head. The duration of feeding the probiotic was 90 days. We found that the calves of Ltd "Zazerkal'e", which received the biological preparation in addition to the basic ration, in comparison with the control group showed the increase in the total blood protein content by 5.3% (p>0.95) and decrease in the urea and creatinine concentration by 8.2 and 8.1% respectively. In SPK "Kolkhoz Andoga", we noted an increase of total protein content in blood by 7.8% (p>0.95), glucose by 21.5% (p>0.95). We established that blood urea decreased by 12.5% (p>0.95), bilirubin and cholesterol by 5.5 and 11.8% (p>0.95) respectively. When analyzing the calf growth dynamics during the dairy rearing period, the calves of the experimental groups were characterized the higher absolute and average daily growth. Calves in SPK "Kolkhoz Andoga" had a difference of 3.8 and 4.6% compared to the control group, in Ltd "Zazerkal'e" -4.8 and 4.5% respectively. Consequently, the use of the probiotic based on cellulolytic bacteria in calf feeding had a positive effect on the level of metabolic processes and growth rate of young animals.