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In the department "Energophyzika" LS&PA "Soyuz" range was created. It was equipped with an inductor with storage capacity up to 12.5 MJ energized by a solid propellant MHD generator and a capacitor bank (energy capacity up to 6 MJ). These systems deliver currents of 1 MA and 2 MA, respectively. Diagnostic, recording, and autocalculation systems allow use of as many as 120 data channels with acquisition frequency up to 10 MHz. Recent technical successes in railgun construction, using special methods to compact plasma armature and produce high velocity trailing contact, creation of hybrid armatures, and optimizing acceleration made possible to gain velocities in the range of 6.2 to 6.8 k d s (masses of 3.8 to 10 g) and velocities 2.7 to 3.8 k d s (masses of 50 to 100 g) on railguns with length 2 to 4 m.

An approach that allows estimation of the nonideal thermodynamic plasma parameters of the arc-driven electromagnetic launcher is proposed. Plasma is considered to be incompressible quasi-neutral gas with properties that vary only through the direction of motion. The 2-D distribution of the magnetic field in the vicinity of the arc plasma is studied. It is assumed that atoms are ionized once, and electrons, ions, and neutral atoms have the same temperature. The degree of ionization is calculated by the Saha equation, and the electrical conductivity of the arc plasma is calculated in the approximation of Spitzer. The resulting system of equations is complemented by the experimental data (current in the circuit of the launcher, the voltage drop at the launcher muzzle, the arc plasma length defined on the basis of B-dot probe traces). Arc plasma behavior is defined by the parameter of nonideality and temperature iteratively. The experimental arc plasma length is compared with the arc plasma length calculated by obtained relations. Statistical weights of atoms and ions are determined by interpolation of data given in the table which depend on the pressure and temperature. Processing of experimental data was done to estimate nonideal arc plasma parameters. It is shown that: 1) at a current density of about 80 kA/cm 2 , the character of temperature and conductivity dependence on the plasma current density is changed and 2) the electrical conductivity of arc plasma is described by the approximate dependence of σ (T ) = σ 0 (T/T 0 ) n , where σ 0 = 1.556 −1 cm −1 ; n = 1.988, T 0 = 1000 K.

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