Nonstoichiometric tellurides Fe x Ti 13x Te 1.45 synthesized at 850oC were studied by X-ray phase and X-ray fluorescence analysis and by 57 Fe M1 ossbauer spectroscopy. The mutual iron3titanium substitution is limited in this series. The system contains four individual phases in which iron is in three different states: Fe 2+ in an asymmetric environment, Fe 2+ in a symmetric environment, and Fe 0 . The distribution of various iron states in the system depends not only on the Fe : Ti ratio, but also on the structure of phases.Nonstoichiometric compounds corresponding to the formula M 3 Ch 4 are formed in almost all binary systems transition metal (M)3chalcogen (Ch). Depending on the metal and chalcogen, the M 3 Ch 4 homogeneity areas can be different, and the structures of the forming chalcogenides are conventionally considered as intermediate between nickeline and cadmium iodide, NiAs6CdI 2 [1].Previously we have studied the formation of phases in binary systems Ti3Te [2] and Fe3Te [3] on a section from mono-to ditelluride. It was found that a series of nonstoichiometric tellurides MTe y belonging to the homogeneity area of M 3 Ch 4 exist in both binary systems. The choice of the index at tellurium y = 1.45, i.e., of the composition Fe x Ti 13x Te 1.45 as the subject of this study, was governed by the existence of the corresponding binary phases as extreme members in each system with the minimal value of parameter c for hexagonal titanium tellurides, by a common mode of tellurium hexagonal packing, and also by the hexagonal structure of TiTe 1.45 and FeTe 1.45 , which is intermediate between the structure of nickeline and cadmium iodide (NiAs6CdI 2 ). These facts allow us to expect that solid solutions will be formed in the system under consideration, at least in a restricted composition area. At the same time, the width of the homogeneity area of a solid solution strongly depends on the radii of atoms substituting each other. Therefore, determination of the states of metals in these phases becomes important.Polycrystalline samples of the composition Fe x . Ti 13x Te 1.45 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, ..., 1.0) were synthesized by the direct ampule technique. The starting substances were tellurium (ultrapure grade, T3A 1 class), iron produced from carbonyl (ultrapure grade, 6-2 class), and titanium obtained from titanium hydride by dehydrogenation in a vacuum at 850oC (according to atomic emission spectral analysis, it contained the following impurities, wt %: Fe 0.03, Si 0.01, Al 0.01, and Cr 0.001). To avoid oxidation, the metals were stored in evacuated ampules. The stoichiometric amounts of the starting substances were placed in vacuum-compression quartz ampules, which were evacuated to a residual pressure of 0.13 Pa and sealed. The synthesis was carried out in a muffle with stepwise heating: samples were calcined at 550oC for 125 h for the primary reaction, then at 750oC for 120 h, and finally at 850oC for 90 h with the subsequent quenching at 0oC. Each composition was duplicated.The composition of the synthesized produ...

Background. Hemobilia is the excretion of blood alongside with bile through intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. Despite the use of new methods of diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate from hemobilia remains high (20-40%). Objective. To demonstrate a clinical case and some methods of diagnosis and treatment of a patient with hemobilia. Material and methods. The article presents our own clinical observation of a patient with a penetrating knife wound of the abdominal cavity with liver injury complicated by hemobilia. Two-stage treatment was performed including upper midline laparotomy, cholecystectomy, and biliary tract sanitation with external drainage of the common bile duct according to Pikovsky in combination with angioembolization of the damaged artery of the 4th liver segment. Results. The analysis of the clinical case shows X-ray endovascular methods to be one of the promising ways of increasing surgical management efficiency of traumatic hemobilia. Conclusions. This observation shows the possibility of developing hemobilia without signs of intra-abdominal bleeding in penetrating abdominal wounds with liver injury. The use of X-ray endovascular diagnostic methods can improve treatment outcomes of patients with hemobilia of traumatic origin.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract