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In 32 noncirrhotic patients on peritoneal dialysis, mean serum β₂-microglobulin (sβ₂M) was 26.58 ± 12.32 mg/l (9.7-63.5). We found a significant correlation between sβ₂M and serum creatinine (sCr; r = 0.760), blood urea nitrogen (BUN; r = 0.573), total creatinine and BUN clearance (r = 0.623 and 0.599, respectively), 24-hour Kt/V (r = 0.638), glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.623), 24-hour urine output (r = 0.669), serum total protein (r = 0.584) (p < 0.01 for all the above r values); β₂M peritoneal clearance and mass transfer (r = 0.414 and 0.427, respectively; p < 0.05). Our data demonstrate and confirm the contribution of residual renal function in determining sβ₂M levels and it is seemingly more important than β₂M peritoneal clearance.

Haemodialysis patients had a significantly low intake in vitamin K1, which could contribute to increase the risk of bone fractures and vascular calcifications. Since the deficiency of vitamin K intake seems to be remarkable, dietary counselling to HD patients should also address the adequacy of vitamin K dietary intake and bioavailability. Whether diets with higher amounts of vitamin K1 or vitamin K supplementation can improve clinical outcomes in dialysis patients remains to be demonstrated.

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