Ginger is used as one of the important ingredients in traditional as well as modern medicine besides as a spice. It boosts immunity and is a rich source of many biologically active substances and minerals. Although it is a medicinally important crop, its productivity is, however, affected due to poor nutrient management and therefore it requires an adequate supply of nutrients in the form of inorganic fertilizers or organic manuring, or a mixture of both. In this context, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of fertigation regimes on quality of ginger (Rio-De-Jenereo and Himachal) at vegetable division in department of Horticulture, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. The experiment comprised of eleven treatments, Sources of nutrients used were FYM (Farm Yard Manure), Azotobacter, PSB (Phosphate Solubilising Bacteria), AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi), KMB (Potassium Mobilizing Bio fertilizer), Inorganic sources (Urea, DAP, MOP, SSP, Ginger special, Neem cake). The results showed that the application of 200 % RDF (200:100:100 N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) fertigation + FYM 30 t/ha, Neem cake 2 t/ha] was found effective for increment in essential oil (%), oleoresin content (%), gingerol (%) and crude fibre (%) in both varieties of ginger among the all treatments evaluated in this zone (Bangalore).

This article focus on quality improvement in forage crops, specifically grasses, cereals, and legumes. As milk and many other by-products obtained from dairy farms, poultry, etc are getting into demand, high-quality forage for livestock production is well recognized, and efforts to improve forage quality can have significant economic and environmental benefits. And an overview of current strategies for quality improvement, including breeding and genetic selection, management practices, and how these practices affect the quality of forage crops such as silica, lignin, and other phenolic components. Use of different breeding methods more over like synthetic cultivars, recurrent selection, etc. the use of biotechnology tools such as RNAi interference, tissue culture, and marker-assisted selection in the particular crop that has been developed for increasing the nutritional value, proteins that present in forage crops, and to decrease the harmful chemicals. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges associated with quality improvement in forage crops and potential solutions. And about different types of grasses used for different types of cattle as supplements. Limitations that cause obstruction to improving the quality of forage crops. digestibility and how to increase the quality and protein content in milk and cattle. And nutrition that needs to be present in prescribed quantities in forage crops. Overall, this paper highlights the need for continued research and innovation in the field of forage crop quality improvement to support sustainable agriculture and meet the increasing demand for high-quality livestock feed.

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An experiment was carried out to study the growth, yield and cost economics of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Red lady as influenced by different irrigation and fertilizer levels. This experiment was conducted at PFDC (Precision farming development centre),

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