This research is motivated by the urgency of textbooks in the learning process. Books are one of the supporting factors for teaching success. With textbooks can help learners to achieve the expected learning goals. Therefore, this study intends to analyze a textbook that is often used, namely the Tashrif Learning System 20 Hours book by KH. Aceng Zakaria in terms of material gradations. With this research, it is expected that Arabic teachers can choose books that are good for learning. The type of research used is library research (library research) with the research object of the book Tashrif System 20 Hours of Work KH. Aceng Zakaria reviews analysis of material gradations. The results showed that the book Learning Tashrif System 20 Hours using grammatical gradation when viewed in terms of language. Whereas in terms of type, the Learning Tashrif System 20 Hours book uses straight gradation. As for the criteria, the pattern of compiling the book Learning Tashrif System 20 Hours starts from the general to the special one.

Increasing school competitiveness through literacy activities needs serious attention from all parties so that educational institutions can survive and attract the attention of the community. This study aims to analyze the introduction of local wisdom-based literacy culture in early childhood to strengthen children's knowledge of local culture, increasing school competitiveness against surrounding institutions. It was conducted at one of the early childhood education institutions in the Probolinggo Regency for this study. The qualitative case study method was employed in this investigation. In this study, researchers made direct observations and documented learning activities at the institution under examination. Several interviews were conducted with school administrators and teachers. As a result of learning analysis, learning system design, and evaluation, the findings revealed that introducing literacy culture based on local wisdom in early childhood effectively strengthened children's knowledge of local culture, particularly in rural areas. This study implies that teachers must have innovation and creativity in managing learning related to local culture to give enthusiasm to students in learning literacy based on local wisdom and be able to provide more trust to the community

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This research aims to describe the humanistic approach in Arabic learning. The method used in this research is library research which data comes from various sources, both from libraries and various websites that exist on the internet. The source is books, encyclopedias, dictionaries, journals, documents, magazines, and others. The results of this study attempt to illustrate that a humanistic approach is an approach that helps learners to enjoy learning on the subject matter in developing the potential of students themselves in a better direction. The humanistic approach can be used in Arabic language education, Humanistic approach emphasizes guidance education, develops and directs student's basic potential in terms of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan paradigma pendekatan humanistik dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode library research yang data-datanya berasal dari berbagai sumber,baik dari perpustakaan maupun berbagai website yang ada di internet meliputi buku,ensiklopedi, kamus, jurnal, dokumen, majalah, dan lain-lain. Hasil penelitian ini berusaha menggambarkan pendekatan humanistik merupakan sebuah pendekatan yang membantu peserta didik untuk senang belajar pada suatu objek atau materi pelajaran dalam mengembangkan potensi diri peserta didik ke arah yang lebih baik. Dengan demikian pendekatanhumanistik dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab. Pendekatan humanistik menekankan pada pendidikan membimbing, mengembangkan dan mengarahkan potensi dasar peserta didik baik dari segi kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor. Kata kunci: Teori Kebutuhan Maslow, Pendekatan Humanistik, Bahasa Arab.