<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ethmoid roof on computerized tomography of nose and paranasal sinuses of Kashmiri people and distribute them on basis of KEROS classification.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>Cross sectional descriptive study, the randomly selected paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNS CT) scans coronal cuts .Total of One hundred PNS CT scans done at the SMHS Hospital from April 2015 to September 2015 were reviewed, and selected for study. The bilateral heights of the lateral lamellae of the cribriform plate were obtained, independently coded, and classified according to keros.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>The mean height of the lateral lamella among Kashmir’s was seen to be 5.08mm and 29% of patient’s CT PNS were classified as Keros I, 61% were classified as Keros II and 10% were classified as Keros III. There was significant difference in the distribution of Keros classification between the right and left lateral lamella. There was no significant difference in the height of the lateral lamella (t-test: p=0.98 on right side &amp; p =0.89 on left side) and the distribution of Keros classification (Fisher’s Exact test: p = 0.823) among younger (1-14 year) and older (&gt;14 year) Kashmiri age groups. There is significant difference in the height (t-test: p=0.03 on right side and p=0.03 on left side) and the distribution of Keros classification is statistically insignificant (Fishers Exact Test: p=0.11) between Kashmiri females and males.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>Preoperative assessment of ethmoid roof anatomy and keros level is mandatory for alerting the surgeon of the potential iatrogenic injury during endoscopic sinus surgeries to minimize the grave complications during ESS.</p>

Objective. To assess the clinical parameters for successful uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in the management of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome documented with pre- and postoperative polysomnography. Materials and Methods. A study group of 50 patients diagnosed as having OSA by full night polysomnography were assessed clinically and staged on basis of Friedman staging system. BMI and neck circumference were considered, and videoendoscopy with Muller's maneuver was done in all to document the site of obstruction. The study group divided into surgical and nonsurgical ones. Twenty-two patients out of fifty were then selected for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. The selection of surgical group was done primarily on basis of clinical parameters like neck circumference, Friedman stage of the patient and site, and/or level of obstruction of patient. Postoperative polysomnography was done six months after surgery to document the change in AHI score. Result. The study group consists of fifty patients with mean age of 44.4 ± 9.3 years. UPPP was done in twenty-two, and the result of the surgery as defined by 50% reduction in preoperative AHI with postoperative AHI < 20/h was seen to be 95.2%. Postoperative change in AHI done after 6-month interval was seen to be statistically significant with P value < 0.001. Conclusion. UPPP is ideal option for management of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in properly selected patients on the basis of Friedman stage and site of obstruction detected by videoendoscopy with Muller's maneuver.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A prospective study to analyze the facial nerve branching pattern as seen in various parotidectomy surgeries in Kashmiri population. Main objective was to find out various branching patterns among peripheral branches of facial nerve in parotid tissue so that new young ENT surgeons could get benefited and it should be easy for them to perform parotid surgeries with less complications and unpredictable outcome.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The prospective study was conducted in 35 patients undergoing superficial parotidectomy in our department of otorhinolaryngology GMC Srinagar over a period of one and half year. Facial nerve branching pattern was classified according to the description given by Davis et al. Branching pattern of main trunk was also observed in all cases.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The most common type of branching pattern of facial nerve in our study was type I seen in 12 (34.2%) patients, followed by type III seen in 9 (25.7%), followed by type II in 5 (14.2%), type IV in 4 (11.4%) patients, followed by type V in 3 (8.5%) and VI in 2 (5.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Type I branching pattern is the most common branching pattern of the facial nerve (34.2%) followed by type III (25.7%), following the pattern as described by Davis. Main trunk was found single in 32 (91.4%%) patients however in 3 (8.57%) patients trunk was dividing in 2 branches before dividing in peripheral branching pattern as described above. </p>

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to study the microflora and the antibiograms of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in Kashmir,in order to provide a guidelines for making a protocol for empirical antibiotic therapy. Study design:Prospective study Material and methods: This study was conducted on OPD basis in Department of Ear, Nose and Throat and HNS Government medical college Srinagar kashmir from july 2010 to june 1011 and one hundred twenty five(125) patients with unilateral or bilateral active chronic suppurative otitis media were prospectively studied.They had chronic ear discharge and had not received antibiotics for the previous five days. Swabs were taken from discharging ear's and sent to microbiological section of hospital were culture for bacteria was done Antibiotic sensitivity testing was done with standard antibiotic discs using Kirby-bauer disk diffusion method.4 Results:From the Clinical specimens off the 125 patients microbiological culture was positive in 110 specimens. The most common causal organisms isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (48%) including 8% of methcillin resistant staph aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16%) followed by coagulase negative.Antibiotic sensitivities of staph aureus (other than MRSA) showed that 72% isolates were sensitivity to gentamicin,55% to ciprofloxacin followed by 36% to cephalosporins(cetazidime,ceftriaxone).For pseudomonas aeruginosa 72% isolates were sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactum 48% to ciprofloxacin and 32% to ceftazidime/ceftriaxone. Of the three antibiotics commonly available as topical eardrops,ciprofloxacin and gentamicin has the highest susceptibility rate.