The refractive index of water is precisely determined in the visible light range as a function of the pressure until 250 MPa by means of a new measurement device that uses a special pipe tee included in an interferometer set. This technique allows revisiting the Bradley-Tait and Sellmeier equations to make them dependent on the wavelength and the pressure, respectively. The Bradley-Tait equation for the pressure dependence of the water refractive index is completed by a wavelength-dependent factor. Also, in the considered pressure and wavelength ranges, it is shown that the Sellmeier coefficients can be straightforwardly linked to the pressure, allowing the determination of the refractive index of water for either any wavelength or pressure. A new simple model allows the determination of the density of water as a function of the measured refractive index. Finally, the polarizability of water as function of pressure and wavelength is calculated by means of the Lorentz-Lorenz equation.

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Hybrid jets (laser guided by water jet) are commonly used in the area of microelectronics for cutting thin wafer plates and for the design of special pieces. In this context, the hybrid jet works with a low power and low pressure. Efforts are made to apply and to improve this hybrid technology for cutting thicker metallic materials. In order to facilitate this development, we have studied the effects induced by a water jet-laser system coupled to the same point on a metallic material. The pressure of the water jet is about 1 MPa and the power of the laser source is about 400 W, which is much higher than the actual hybrid jet power. As a result, in the case of 301 L steel plates, we have noticed the formation of a magnetite layer around the cut in accordance with the high temperature reactions between water and iron, but, surprisingly, in this case, the reaction is practically instantaneous. A small percentage of hematite also appears, from a secondary reaction of reduction of magnetite. By using different techniques (Raman spectroscopy, optical microscopy, SEM, XRD…) we have observed, firstly, that the width of the oxidized zone is proportional to the cutting speed and on the other hand, that there exists a phase transformation in a small heat-affected zone, consistent with the hybrid jets literature.

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