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The location of the CDJ varied between the Egyptian and Saudi mandibular first premolars, indicating that this junction is not a fixed point in populations of different countries.

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| http://medcraveonline.com 4. Red marrow in the crest of the ilium by aspiration. 5. Hair follicle bulge. 6. By administration of certain drugs that stimulating the release of stem cells from the bone marrow into circulating blood (similar to donating blood). Cleavage stages (Figure 1-3) Figure 1 Cleavage stages. Morula⟶Blastocyst⟶Embryoblasts+Trophoblasts Embryoblasts considered the best Set Cell Figure 2 Pluripotent, embryonic st. cs. originate as inner mass cells within a blastocyst. They can become any tissue in the body, excluding a placenta. Figure 3 Triad of tissue Engineering. A. To date, only case reports on endodontic revascularization treatment are available. B. Nearly all the reported cases involve patients. From 8 to 18 years old with necrotic teeth and immature apices. C. Younger patients have a greater healing capacity or stem cells regenerative potential. D. Open apex may foster the ingrowth of periapical tissue into the RC space. E. This tissue may represent a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells coming from the apical papilla. F. Laceration of this papilla will deliver mesenchymal stem cells into the RC space (Figure 4). Materials and methods Aim of the study: Was to develop a tissue engineering-based method of pulpal regeneration in the incompletely developed permanent teeth that has an open apex and necrotic pulp Protocol for revascularization treatment At the first appointment (Figure 5) a. Tooth was anesthetized, isolated, and accessed.