further reduced likelihood of livebirth (RR¼0.82, P¼0.003). Taking recipient age into account, none of the paternal age categories had reduced likelihood of livebirth compared to those < 35 (P¼0.80).CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of oocyte donor cycles, increasing paternal age was associated with poorer semen quality; however, increasing paternal age was not associated with pregnancy. Conversely, increasing recipient age was associated with poorer clinical pregnancy rates, live birth rates, and SAB rates. Poorer outcomes related to increasing recipient age were independent of paternal age and oocyte quality and warrant further investigation.

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Objectives: Determination of influence of direct interview of postpartum women about their awareness and knowledge regarding contraception and modern contraceptive methods. Patients & Methods: 1437 women joined the intervention and underwent evaluation of their knowledge about the concept and methods of contraception. Then, an interview was conducted with each woman to clarify advantages and appropriateness of various contraceptives and the proper time for initiation of contraception. All women were asked to discuss these data with their families and return to give their decision. Study outcomes included evaluation of women's knowledge about contraception and its modalities, frequency of non-users who accepted to use contraception and is considered as success of the intervention and frequency of requesting each modality of contraception. Results: TV programs and discussion with local health provider, relatives or friends are the main sources of knowledge of primiparas. 182 primiparas had good knowledge and chose the appropriate method of contraception during the 1st session of discussion, and 81 primiparas required >2 sessions to choose the method appropriate for them, while 21 primiparas insisted not to use contraception for an acceptance rate of 92.6% among primipara. Among multiparas, 222 multiparas were non-users, but after discussion 133 couples accepted to use contraception. Thus, 396 non-users had accepted to use contraception for an intervention success rate of 78.3%. Collectively 692 women (52.1%) received IUD and 635 women (47.9%) received hormonal contraception; 432 orally (32.6%) and 203 parenterally (15.3%). Conclusion: Ignorance, low financial status and cultural beliefs deleteriously affect knowledge about contraception options and its methods, so direct interview is mandatory. The applied intervention succeeded to replenish women's knowledge about benefits of using contraception. Primiparas had knowledge about contraception but their knowledge How to cite this paper: Saad, A.S. and Sharafeldeen, A. (2020) Direct Interventional Discussion Effectively Improves Awareness and Knowledge about Modern Contraceptive Methods. Advances in Reproductive Sciences,

Objectives: Evaluation of diagnostic performance of rapid testing of cervico-vaginal fluid (CVF) for fetal fibronectin (FFN)

Background: Pregnancy loss is the interruption and/or termination of pregnancy, either spontaneously or intentionally, before the fetus develops sufficiently to survive. About 80% of abortions occur in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Objective: To determine the accuracy of U/S parameters in predicting early pregnancy failure in pregnant with history of 1 st trimesteric recurrent pregnancy loss. Patients and methods: This was a prospective study that included 120 pregnant females with history of first trimesteric recurrent pregnancy loss. It was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Menoufia University Hospitals, and Rashid General Hospital, Al-Bahira, Egypt during the period from April 2019 until August 2020. Results: There is no significant difference between miscarriage group and ongoing pregnancy group regarding risk factors and demographic data (p > 0.05). In addition, crown-rump length (CRL) below 5 th percentile for gestational age (GA) category more significantly prevalent in the miscarriage group compared to the ongoing pregnancy group. While, mean gestational sac diameter (MGSD) below 5 th percentile for GA, caudal displacement of gestational sac (GS) or irregular GS could predict subsequent miscarriage. Embryonic heart rate/Fetal heart rate (EHR/FHR) below 5 th percentile for GA was statistically significantly more prevalent in the miscarriage group than in ongoing pregnancy group. Abnormally large YSD (> 95 th percentile for GA), absent yolk sac (YS), floating YS, deformed, irregular or hypo-echoic YS could predict subsequent miscarriage. Uterine artery resistance index (RI), pulsatile index (PI) and systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio did not differ significantly between the miscarriage group compared to the ongoing pregnancy group across the various gestational ages. Conclusion: 1 st trimester U/S parameters are useful diagnostic tool to prognosis pregnancy outcome among patients with history of recurrent 1st trimester pregnancy loss.