With the Internet of Things (IoT) gradually evolving as the subsequent phase of the evolution of the Internet, it becomes crucial to recognize the various potential domains for application of IoT, and the research challenges that are associated with these applications. Ranging from smart cities, to health care, smart agriculture, logistics and retail, to even smart living and smart environments IoT is expected to infiltrate into virtually all aspects of daily life. Even though the current IoT enabling technologies have greatly improved in the recent years, there are still numerous problems that require attention. Since the IoT concept ensues from heterogeneous technologies, many research challenges are bound to arise. The fact that IoT is so expansive and affects practically all areas of our lives, makes it a significant research topic for studies in various related fields such as information technology and computer science. Thus, IoT is paving the way for new dimensions of research to be carried out. This paper presents the recent development of IoT technologies and discusses future applications and research challenges.

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One of the pillars to run businesses is the telecommunications. Most of the institutions are migrating, if not already migrated, to Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology. However, VoIP still need some improvements, in terms of networks bandwidth exploitation and VoIP call quality, to meet the businesses expectations. Networks bandwidth exploitation, which is our concern in this paper, has been enhanced using different approaches and methods. This paper suggests a new method to enhance networks bandwidth exploitation Packet's payload shrinking (compression) approach. The suggested method works with the RTP protocol and called RTP Payload Shrinking (RPS) method. As the name implies, the RPS method will reduce the size of the RTP packet payload, through shrinking it based on specific algorithm, which enhances the networks bandwidth exploitation. The RPS method utilizes the RTP fields to store the values that are needed to apply the shrinking algorithm at the sender and receiver sides. The effectiveness of the proposed RPS method has been examined in comparison to conventional RTP protocol without shrinking. The deployment result showed that the saved bandwidth ratio has reached up to nearly 17% in the tested scenarios. Therefore, enhancing the network bandwidth exploitation.

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