Sophorolipids are one of the most important microbial biosurfactants, because of their large-scale production and applications developed so far in the fields of detergency, microbiology, cosmetics or environmental science.
Lipid
nanotube–vesicle networks are important
channels for
intercellular communication and transport of matter. Experimentally
observed in neighboring mammalian cells but also reproduced in model
membrane systems, a broad consensus exists on their formation and
stability. Lipid membranes must be composed of at least two molecular
components, each stabilizing low (generally a phospholipid) and high
curvatures. Strong anisotropy or enhanced conical shape of the second
amphiphile is crucial for the formation of nanotunnels. Anisotropic
driving forces generally favor nanotube protrusions from vesicles.
In this work, we report the unique case of topologically connected
nanotubes–vesicles obtained in the absence of directional forces,
in single-molecule membranes, composed of an anisotropic bolaform
glucolipid, above its melting temperature, T
m. Cryo-TEM and fluorescence confocal microscopy show the interconnection
between vesicles and nanotubes in a single-phase region, between 60
and 90 °C under diluted conditions. Solid-state NMR demonstrates
that the glucolipid can assume two distinct configurations, head–head
and head–tail. These arrangements, seemingly of comparable
energy above the T
m, could explain the
existence and stability of the topologically connected vesicles and
nanotubes, which are generally not observed for classical single-molecule
phospholipid-based membranes above their T
m.
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