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To investigate the relationship between age, gender and the Constant score. Two hundred and seventy Healthy volunteers (527 normal shoulders) from our local population with no previous history of shoulder disease were assessed using the Constant score. The mean age was 43.9 years (16-86) and the mean Constant score 85.9 (56-100). The mean score was 88.1 (range 56-100) for men and 83.7 (range 60-100) for women. A mixed regression model estimated that, for the male population, the Constant score falls by 0.15 points per annum between the ages of 50 and 70 and by 1.3 points per year after the age of 70. Similarly, for the female population, the fall is of 0.25 per year between 60 and 70 and 0.35 after the age of 70. The changes are statistically significant (P < 0.01) and clinically important when comparing patients of different age groups.

This research investigates the impact of Global Financial Crisis Macro economic linkages to Pakistan's Agriculture. Macroeconomic shocks can impact agriculture more strongly than factors that affect the sector directly. Data were collected from various secondary sources. It was revealed that recent Global financial crisis has negative impact on the Trade growth in Pakistan. It also affects the Price, production, consumption and trade. It was further revealed that Pakistan's exports have fallen substantially, through mainly because of a drop in the world trade prices rather than export volume.

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Abstract-This paper investigates the effects of world oil price change on economic growth and energy demand in Malaysia by using an ARDL bounds testing co-integration approach. The results revealed that changes in world oil price benefitted the Malaysia's real GDP in the short term. Interestingly, the estimated results showed that energy demand is found to be an oil price inelastic and income elastic of demand, consistently in the short and long run. In addition to that, there was a bidirectional causality effect between energy demand and GDP, which would have important implications for energy policy, where the energy policy may be implemented without convey adverse effects to both energy sector and economy performance. Given the dominant effects of oil price on energy demand and economic growth, this study suggests that policy planner should confer prompt response and choose the right mechanism of energy conservation and fiscal policy, especially to keep environmental friendly with sound macroeconomic balances. Also, in order to retard the fuel import growth, inter fuel substitution towards indigenous resources, mainly green energy resources would be required critically.Index Terms-ARDL, economic growth, energy demand and oil price.