Penarik becak dayung dan becak bermesin, pengatur lalu lintas, pedagang asongan, dan pedagang kaki lima banyak terpapar dengan polusi timbal dari udara ambien yang merupakan ancaman terhadap para pekerja pinggir jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan karakteristik responden dengan kadar timbal dalam darah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 109 orang terdiri dari 58 orang penarik becak dayung, 30 orang penarik becak bermesin dan 21 orang pedagang kaki lima yang ditarik secara consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara variabel usia, tekanan darah sistolik dan tekanan darah diastolik terhadap kadar timbal dalam darah (p>0,05). Rerata kadar timbal dalam darah berbeda bermakna menurut jenis kelamin (p=0,047) dan kebiasaan merokok (p=0,003). Rerata kadar timbal dalam darah berdasarkan jenis pekerjaan, lama bekerja, tingkat pendidikan, tempat beristirahat, lokasi tempat tinggal, kebiasaan minum susu, dan kebiasaan minum alkohol tidak ada perbedaan bermakna. Uji korelasi Pearson dan korelasi Spearman menemukan tidak ada korelasi antara variabel usia dan tekanan darah terhadap kadar timbal dalam darah (p>0,05).Paddle rickshaw puller, motorized rickshaw pullers, traffic police, street vendors and roadside vendors is that many workers are exposed to lead from ambient air pollution. Lead pollution is a threat to roadside workers. This study is observational. The purpose of the study was to determine the association between respondent characteristic with blood lead levels. The 109 samples in this study was the 58 paddle rickshaw puller, 30 motorized rickshaw pullers and 21 hawkers, drawn with consecutive sampling. The results showed that there were no significant correlation between age, blood pressure and blood lead level (p>0.005), there were differences in mean blood lead levels by sex (p = 0.047) and smoking (p = 0.003), there was no difference in mean blood lead levels based on the type of work, length of work, level of education, place of rest, the location shelter, drinking milk, and alcohol drinking habits. Pearson correlation test and Spearman correlation found no correlation between the variables of age, and blood pressure on blood lead levels (p> 0.05).

The number of used tires in the world is projected to increase in the future due to an incrementing number of cars and motorcycles particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. This situation can endanger the environment and public health since it poses a high risk for fires. Despite the environmental impacts, used tires present economic values. This can be achieved by processing it into several forms such as tire-derived fuel, asphalt rubber, and rubber-plastic products. Furthermore, to collect used tires from tire users and send it into used tires recycler, management scheme is required. This paper aims to review the development of used tires recycle management and processing. It has been found that several management schemes for recycling used tires have been identified from literature including Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), Free Market, and Government. Moreover, several processes to recycle used tires were identified, such as: retreading, energy recovery, product recycling, material recycling, and pyrolysis.

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Garbage problems occur due to the imbalance between waste production in the community and the government’s ability to manage the waste. The old patern of collect–transport–dispose will give more burden to the system because of the increasing needs of infrastructures. This study aims to develop the integrated waste management model of Medan City with dynamic system approach. To be able to apply the new waste management model, the active roles of community are needed; therefore, it is necessary to know how far the perception and participation of community in the waste management nowadays. Based on the Law No. 18 of 2008 that the waste management starts from the source level (community) that is by reducing, reusing and recycling. The result of the study showed that the community perception on the waste management was good enough, but the participation was still very low both direct and indirect participation. The implementation of waste bank scenario and independent composter per–neighborhood can decrease the waste production entering the landfill (TPA) up to 13.5% and decrease the need of waste truck from 394 units to 333 units. The total cost of waste processing also decrease in amount of 180,257,000,000 in 10 years.