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Construction site is rugged, dynamic, and complex, involving large number of resources that intensively interact with each other with varying site activities. Being able to precisely locate, and track the site dynamics is critical to project management. Studies have explored the potential of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology in estimating the two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) locations of construction site objects at discrete time points. Information systems based on the RFID technology have emerged to assist decision-making in construction project management tasks. However, for the purpose of tracking the construction site dynamics, both capabilities of estimating the 2D and 3D locations of site objects at discrete time points and tracking the real-time movement of site objects must be incorporated in the tracking system, leading to a four-dimensional (4D) system. This paper presents the framework of a 4D tracking system to continuously track the 4D status of construction site dynamics. The framework consists of RFID, global positioning system (GPS) wireless sensor network and geographical information system (GIS). A prototype system was implemented based on the 4D framework and tested in a field experiment to verify the system implementation.

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