Background: Head injury is regarded as a main health problem that is a common cause of morbidities and mortalities and makes great demand to control and prevent it. For this, policy makers need to see the pattern of head injury and this study is done to describe the pattern. Methods:Hospital based, descriptive cross sectional study done on one year autopsy cases of fatal blunt trauma head injury which was 76 in which proportion of different types of head injuries, their causes and their distribution as per age, sex, and duration of survival were studied.Results: Skull-vault fractures were present in 57 (75%) cases in which most common type of fracture was linear fracture constituting 29(49.12%). 50% of the cases were with skullbase fracture in which the most common was of anterior cranial fossa fracture(60.5%). 56.34% of the victims were with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) followed by subdural haemorrhage (SDH) and extradural haemorrhage (EDH). 6.6% victims were without any intracranial haemorrhage. Road traffic accident alone accounted for 71% of total blunt trauma causations of this fatal head injury. 70% cases were in age group from 11 to 50years and 78.9% were male. 51.3% died at the spot. Conclusions:The research findings have shown that among the fatal blunt trauma head injury cases, skull vault fracture was present in 75% and skull base fracture was present in 50%. The most common intracranial haemorrhage was subarachnoid haemorrhage (56.34%) followed by subdural and extradural haemorrhage.

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INTRODUCTION Stature is the important parameter along with age, sex and race while identifying bodies. Stature has direct relationship with the skeletal dimensions most importantly with lower limbs. This study attempts to derive regression equation (RE) and multiplication factor (MF) from femur length (FL) which could be used for stature reconstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted amongst the 160 students and staff of Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal for the period of six months from February 2020 to July 2020. The sample was composed of 95 males and 65 females between the age of 18 - 40 years. The femoral length and height was measured in standard position using standard measuring instruments. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 25.   RESULTS The mean height and femur length of overall sample was 162.33 ±7.62 cm and 40.14 ±2.132 cm respectively, male surpassing the female dimensions. There was a strong correlation between femur length and stature (r = 0.723, 0.869 and 0.791 for males, females, and overall participants respectively). MF was derived as 4.084 ±0.139, 3.99 ±0.11, 4.047 ±0.135 and RE was derived as y = 75.51 + 2.13*FL ±4.06, y = 55.238 + 2.581*FL ±2.999, y = 48.791 + 2.829*FL ±4.672 for males, females and overall participants. Both methods were checked for accuracy and could successfully interpret the height (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The femoral length was found to be a reliable estimator of stature of an individual by using both RE and MF.

Background: Sexual assault is one of the heinous and barbarous crimes and continues to plague our nation. It is present in every countries cutting across boundaries of culture, race, gender, relationship, social standing and the extremes of ages. The current study aims to analyze the incidence of sexual assault cases, their socio-demographic parameters, incidence to reporting time and relationship of the assailant with the victim and pattern of injury for evaluation of sexual assault. Materials and Methods: The medico-legal reports of 102 sexual assaults cases were retrieved and analyzed retrospectively which was examined by Department of Forensic Medicine from October 2019 to September 2020 at Dhulikhel hospital.  All the data were entered in SPSS version 25 and results were ascertained. Results: Out of 102 samples, 52 female victims and 48 accused were analyzed. Two were male victims of sodomy. The mean age was 20.54±10.78 and 27.67±11.08 for victim and accused respectively, the most vulnerable being unmarried teenagers. Most of the accused and victims were familiar with each other (81.25%) and the common incident locale was victim’s own house. Genital injury was seen in 53.85% and general injury in 32.7% of the victims. Only 13.46 % victims and 12.50% of accused were brought for examination on the same day. Genital injury had significant association with age (p=0.003) and day of examination (p=0.029). Four of the victims were positive for pregnancy test. Conclusion: Hence this study aims to highlight that sexual assault is a catastrophe and there is a dire need of educating the vulnerable groups.