Objective: To assess depression level in work force of a Teaching hospital. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Al-Tibri Medical College and Hospital. Period: June 2021 to August 2021. Material & Methods: Total 250 faculty members of 7 different medical colleges and teaching hospital across the Sindh, Pakistan participates in the survey from 7 different medical colleges. Survey was conducted thorough online google form. Data was statistically analyzed by SPSS and Chi-square was performed to analyze the relationship between the professional environment and mental health. Results: It was observed that the 10% clinical faculty members and only 1% basic science faculty were statistically significant at p level p<0.005 and p<0.001 respectively. While other demographic factors were also found to be statistically significant at p<0.001. Conclusion: The results revealed the clinical faculty is at higher risk mental health issues then the faculty of the basic sciences. Since the clinical environment is to relate to the public dealing and handling or listening the traumatic cases on regular basis which might affect the mental health of the working personnel.

Objectives: This was conducted to determine frequency of various refractive errors with types of strabismus among the age group of 5-15 years children visited in the tertiary eye care hospital Gadap town, Karachi. Study Design: Cross Sectional Analytical Study. Setting: Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital. Period: May 2019 to November 2019. Material & Methods: This study was conducted on 300 strabismic subjects with a mean age of 5 to 15 years by non-probability convenience sampling. All respondents underwent visual acuity assessment by Snellen chart with and without correction, pinhole method, and fundus examination by retinoscope, Cardiff card, cover/uncover test, cycloplegic refraction by cyclopentolate 1%, and ocular movement examination. Results: Out of 300 patients, 43(14.3%) subjects were diagnosed as strabismus with refractive error. 20(46.5%) were boys, while 23(53.5%) were girls with a mean age of 9.62 ± 3.1. The hyperopic 20(46.5 %), 17(39.6 %) myopic, and 6(13.9%) had astigmatism. Conclusion: Strabismus was more frequently observed in females than in males. Hyperopia was in Strabismic respondents than myopic and astigmatism. The esotropia was commonly seen in hypermetropia, Exotropia, in Myopia. The vertical and alternate not frequently seen are these respondents. Hence it is necessary to diagnose the children as early as possible to prevent them from other ocular manifestations.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of Tamsolusin Hydrochloride as medical expulsive therapy in removal of lower ureteric calculi < 9 mm in adults. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Naz Memorial Hospital Karachi. Period: July 2019 to December 2019. Material & Methods: Using non-probability convenient sampling technique was conducted for 6 months. After ethical approval patients attending outpatient department with complains of bloody urine, abdominal, flank or groin pain and diagnosed as lower ureteric calculi < 9mm on ultrasonography. Upper ureteric or kidney calculi above 9 mm, patients already on Tamsolusin and lost to follow up or not willing to participate were excluded. Time period of the study was 4 weeks. Patients were started on Tamsolusin 0.4 mg once daily for 30 days. SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis. Qualitative data was reported as frequency in percentages. Results:  Age range of patients was 18-50 years with mean age of 35.54 ± 10.20 years. 48 (40%) between 6 to 7 mm. After 1 month of follow up, total of 94 (78%) of patients were found to have expulsion of ureteric calculi. From the total of 30 days, the recorded frequency of calculi expulsion was 94 (78%). Among them, 25 (27%) patients were reported to have expulsion of calculi in between 15 to 19 days.32 (34%) patients between 20-24 days, while 37 (39%) patients between 25 to 29 days. Conclusion: Tamsolusin was significantly effective in expulsion of calculi with most calculi reported to be expulsed between 20-29 days of treatment. Patients also reported in significant decrease in pain frequency and were satisfied with treatment with Tamsolusin for lower ureteric calculi < 9mm.