To determine the prevalence and patterns of antibiotic resistance, risk factors, and appropriate empiric therapy for multidrug-resistant Enterococcus (MDRE) urinary tract infections (UTIs) at King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital (KAASH), Taif, Saudi Arabia.Methods: All patients attending KAASH with MDRE UTIs between January 2018 and December 2020 were enrolled in the study. After ethical approval, data were analyzed. Results:The most common causative organisms were Gram-negative and anaerobes, and the most sensitive antibiotics were ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Conclusion:Based on our analyses, regular culture and sensitivity should be made routine to gather information regarding susceptibility patterns, thereby reducing drug resistance in our setups.

Background: Rhinitis is a common worldwide disease affecting more than 20% of people in many western and developing countries as well. Objectives: Assessing the prevalence of rhinitis and its association with smoking in a nationwide survey of Saudi adults.Methods: A national wide survey based on a cross-sectional study conducted among general adult Saudi population during the period from August to November 2017 Results: About 32.85% of the subjects suffered from nasal allergies, 29.5% suffer from runny nose, 31.4% had sneezing and itchy nose and 28.9% had red and itchy eye. The overall prevalence of rhinitis after diagnosis and revising the medical history of respondents was 32.8%. There was a significant association between the younger ages, male gender with the prevalence of rhinitis. Also, a highly significant association was found between smoking status and higher prevalence of rhinitis. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of rhinitis was high among Saudi subjects and it was significantly associated with smoking status. Educational programs and good lifestyle and habits would play an important role in decreasing the prevalence of rhinitis among Saudi population.

A BSTRACT Objectives: Epistaxis among children is considered a scary issue for both the child and the parents. In Saudi Arabia, one third of children suffer from epistaxis. In our study, we aimed to assess the level of knowledge among parents regarding first-aid management of epistaxis in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Method: We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study among parents who visited Alhada Armed Forces Hospital and Prince Mansour Military Hospital between May 2022 and July 2022 in Taif, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire with 17 questions was distributed among the participants. We excluded parents with children who were older than 18 years. Results: A total of 502 parents were included in the study. About two thirds (67.5%) of parents had a moderate level of knowledge and around one third (30.9%) showed a good level of knowledge regarding epistaxis first aid. Furthermore, higher knowledge scores were found among parents who had epistaxis previously ( P = 0.026), who attended a course on first aid ( P = 0.002), and who were aged more than 35 years ( P = 0.017). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that most Saudi parents had a moderate level of knowledge regarding first-aid management of epistaxis. Additionally, several factors, such as the number of children, age, those attending first-aid courses, and experience treating others with epistaxis, were associated with the level of knowledge among parents. Further larger studies are required among Saudi parents to examine the knowledge, practice, and related factors regarding first-aid management of epistaxis.

Background: Ultrasound elastography is a promising noninvasive technique that is still in its infancy. It uses tissue elasticity measurements to distinguish between benign (soft tissues) and malignant (hard tissues) nodules. Objectives: to see if elastography has diagnostic significance and if it may be used as a predictor of thyroid nodule malignancy Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was done and data collected using Philips Epiq 7 linear transducer 8-12MHZ, strain type of elastography. A sample of 27 patients from Al-Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia were included. Data about patients’ demographics, AP, TR, Echogenicity, Margin, Composition, Echogenic foci, FNA result, Elastography findings and TIRADs classification were collected. Results: According to FINA findings, the majority of patients (96.3 percent) had a benign tumour, and 81.5 percent had soft elastography. T2 was the most common TIRADs classification (55.6 percent). The percentage of patients with T2 (TIRADs) was significantly greater in patients with a younger mean age, and there was a non-significant association between TIRADs categorization and FINA findings. Females had a much higher percentage of benign diagnoses based on FINA results, with no significant link detected between FINA results and the demographic or clinical characteristics of the patients. Both TIRADs categorization and FINA results were shown to have no significant link with the elastography data. Conclusion: The elastography findings were found to have a non-significant link with both TIRADs categorization and FINA results. Future studies with larger samples should be conducted to clarify the study outcomes. Keywords: Elastography, predictor, thyroid, nodule, malignancy