In the analysis undertaken, we review waste from the crude oil and fuel refining. In addition to petrochemical intermediate products industry in Iraq in petroleum refinery effluents (PRE). The study shows the significant detrimental impacts of the Iraqi refinery effluent pollution. The research illustrated the handling of wastewater in refineries. This study shows that the emissions from Iraqi refineries comes out to the farthest extent. We were often based on environmental toxins such as Couscous Pollutants, Liquid Pollutants and Strong Pollutants in the Southern Refineries. In addition, we follow the forms in which refining waste in Iraq is treated. To date, oil refineries have struggled to meet their commitments effectively while atmospheric regulation in their fields continues to be neglected and environmental protection schemes that contribute to oil pollution mitigations are less regarded. The government, on the other hand, has shown no commitment to enact its minimum environmental legislation. As a consequence, it is clear that the area’s oil and refineries, particularly refineries, have important repercussions for livelihoods and agriculture.

The produced water considers as the largest waste stream in the oilfields and refineries, which has a high concentration of hydrocarbons, heavy metals besides other pollutants. As per the increase in the activity of industries, the generated produced water has increased all over the world and treating it for reusing becomes now important from the environmental point of view. Treatment of produced water can be achieved within different processes or methods including physical (filtration, adsorption, etc.), chemical (precipitation, oxidation), and biological (activated sludge, biological aerated filters and others) methods. The aim of this paper is to highlighting and discussing the characteristics of produced water in detail besides the physical, chemical, and biological techniques used for the treatment of the produced water.