482. NONLINEAR INTERCONNECTED SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS have knowledge of all the system states for use by the control scheme. This state information may be difficult or expensive to obtain, therefore, it would be advantageous to design an observer to estimate all the system states using only the subset of information available from the measured and known inputs and outputs of the system. If the uncertainties in the system are in the form of unknown parameters, then adaptive techniques can be applied such that these unknown parameters are estimated by designing adaptive observers, which is more challenging [11]. This motivates efforts to use an adaptive scheme to design adaptive observers that simultaneously estimate the unknown parameters, and the unavailable states of a dynamical system.
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