A ram extruder is described for high-pressure extrusion of fully compounded thermoset rubber to achieve additive manufacturing. The extruder uses a piston driven by a geared stepper motor to provide volumetric displacement of the rubber charge residing in a temperature-controlled barrel. Along with activators, accelerators, and a vulcanizing agent, the rubber compound is a formulation of 30 parts carbon black per hundred parts nitrile rubber. Sets of serpentine patterns are printed in parallel and transverse orientations relative to the load direction. From printing to post-cure, the printed specimens exhibited linear shrinkage of 65% in the print direction. Although printed samples had relatively low void content compared with typical additively manufactured parts by material extrusion, significant decreases in the tensile properties were observed relative to compression-molded specimens of the same rubber compound. The mean strain to failure was observed as 462% for compression-molded samples, compared with 347% and 183% for printed specimens with parallel and transverse orientations. To reduce the shrinkage and increase the interfacial area between extruded roads, backstitch and sinewave diddling patterns were implemented to superimpose oscillatory motions along the print path with a periodicity of 1 mm. The specimens printed with the diddling patterns were observed to provide less shrinkage and improved properties compared to the regular serpentine patterns. The mean strain to failure in the transverse orientation, respectively, increased to 218% and 265% for the backstitch and sinewave patterns. Suggested future research is discussed, and the diddling program is provided in the appendix. K E Y W O R D S material extrusion, nitrile rubber, diddling patterns, 3D printing, thermoset rubber 1 | INTRODUCTION Additive manufacturing provides a means by which complex products may be made without tooling. ASTM F2792: Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies defines seven families of additive manufacturing. Of