Background Idiopathic systemic capillary leak syndrome (ISCLS), is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent attacks of varying severity of hypovolemic shock and generalized edema in association with hemoconcentration and hypoalbuminemia in the absence of albuminuria. The chronic form of ISCLS is extremely rare with only a few cases reported in the literature. Case presentation Here we report the case of a young woman who developed chronic ISCLS characterized by massive, generalized and persistent edema. The work up confirmed the presence of monoclonal gammopathy. She was treated with several agents with no response. Conclusion Chronic ISCLS is a very rare disease of unknown etiology and results in devastating complications. The medical community should be aware of this disease with the hope that targeted therapy will become available in the future.

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Background: Recently, there have been efforts to increase HIV/AIDS education and awareness programs to reduce the stigmatization and discrimination of people living with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (PLWHA). However, it is essential to understand that these efforts must be ongoing and sustained to be effective. Objective: This study aimed to assess the Saudi population’s awareness and stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWHA. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on individuals (patients or families of patients) who attended “King Fahad Hospital of The University (KFHU)”. The study was conducted between September 1st and December 31st, 2018. Each participant provided informed consent, and data were collected through an informative, validated, anonymous, self-administrated questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed by experts and included all the data regarding demographic information, assessment of knowledge of HIV transmission, general awareness of HIV, assessment of attitudes toward PLWHA, etc. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS version 22. Results: The majority of the participants were aware that HIV might be spread by receiving blood from an infected person, sharing a needle or syringe, and receiving organs from an infected person. There is a strong correlation between HIV transmission knowledge with age (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.001), an education level (p = 0.001), and economic status (p = 0.049). The study indicated negative stigmatizing attitudes toward PLWHA. Conclusion: This study highlights significant public awareness gaps about HIV/AIDS and stigmatizing attitudes of the public toward HIV/AIDS.