Adiponectin concentrations in GDM patients' circulation were regulated by changes in glucose and insulin metabolism. A reduction in serum adiponectin levels seems to play a role in GDM patients' insulin resistance.

Objective. Several smaller studies on adrenal incidentalomas (AI) suggested an association between autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS) and mortality (Di Dalmazi Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014, Debono J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014, Patrova Endocrine 2017). However, a recent meta-analysis (9 studies, 1356 patients) could not confirm these findings (Elhassan Ann Intern Med 2019). Aim. To investigate the effects of ACS on mortality, prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, and (CV) morbidity, in a representative cohort of AI. Design. Retrospective observational study conducted at 27 ENS@T centers from 15 countries. Methods. Inclusion criteria: AI diagnosed 1996-2015, 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test, follow-up (FU) of ≥36 months, known survival status. Exclusion criteria: clinically relevant adrenal hormone excess (i.e. Cushing’s syndrome, pheochromocytoma, primary hyperaldosteronism), known malignancy. Patient stratification: serum cortisol after dexamethasone (>5 µg/dl, ACS; 1.9-5 µg/dl, possible ACS (PACS); ≤1.8 µg/dl, non-functioning adenoma (NFA)). Definition of CV events (CVE): hospitalization due to myocardial infarction and related interventions (PTCA, surgical bypass), stroke, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism. Results. 3640 patients (57% NFA, 36% PACS, 7% ACS) were considered eligible: 64% females; median age 61 years (range 18-91); median FU 84 months (36-277) (distribution between subgroups n.s.). 352 patients died during FU. Age- and sex adjusted overall survival was significantly reduced in patients with PACS (HR 1.55; 95%CI 1.24-1.94) and ACS (1.84; 1.29-2.61). Prevalence of CV risk factors were significantly higher in PACS and ACS than in NFA (hypertension: 72, 73, 57%, p<0.0001; dyslipidemia: 42, 49, 35%, p<0.0001; diabetes: 22, 25, 17%, p<0.0001) When adjusted to relevant confounders (i.e. age, sex, CV risk factors), time to first CVE was shorter in PACS (HR 1.36; 1.07-1.73) and ACS (HR 1.62; 1.10-2.40) compared to NFA. Conclusion. PACS and ACS are associated with increased overall mortality and CV morbidity. However, to prove causality a large randomized intervention trial is required.

Objective: The measurement of abdominal fat using computed tomography (CT) is a reliable method for evaluating metabolic disorders. However, some limitations exist with the current CT measurement methods. One of them is falsely highlighted intestinal intraluminal areas and the other one is fat in paraspinal muscles. We aimed to investigate the effects of highlighted intestinal intraluminal areas and fat in paraspinal muscles on the measured values of abdominal fat. Material and Methods: Measurements were performed on 246 abdominal CT scans of 129 patients using dedicated quantitative CT software. Visceral and subcutaneous fats were measured at the level of L1-L2 disc space using two different methods. Method 1 included the highlighted intestinal intraluminal areas and fat in paraspinal muscles for measurements, whereas method 2 excluded them. The values measured using two methods were compared for a statistically significant difference. In addition, the correlation between anthropometric data and subcutaneous adipose tissue measurement methods was analyzed. Results: The mean age of patients was 53 years, and the mean body mass index was 29.73 kg/m 2. The waist circumference data were available of 91 patients, and the mean waist circumference was 94 cm. The Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test showed a statistically significant difference between methods 1 and 2 (p<0.0001). Although the measurements performed using methods 1 and 2 were strongly correlated (r>0.9), the Passing-Bablok regression analysis indicated a systematic and proportional error between measurements. Conclusion: Falsely highlighted intestinal intraluminal areas should be excluded for accurate visceral adipose tissue measurements, and the fat in paraspinal muscles affects subcutaneous fat measurement results.

M. Machine learning analysis of adrenal lesions: Preliminary study evaluating texture analysis in the differentiation of adrenal lesions. Diagn Interv Radiol.

In this paper we establish a general weighted Hardy type inequality for the p−Laplace operator with Robin boundary condition. We provide various concrete examples to illustrate our results for different weights. Furthermore, we present some Heisenberg-Pauli-Weyl type inequalities with boundary terms on balls with radius R at the origin in R n .