SummaryFumigation with phosphine gas is the primary method of controlling stored grain pests. In Turkey, phosphine has been used extensively since the 1950's. Even though high levels of phosphine resistance have been detected in several key stored products pests across the world, it has never been studied in Turkey despite this long history of phosphine use. High-level phosphine resistance has been detected and genetically characterised previously in the rust red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum in other countries. Since this pest is also a common problem in stored grain environment in Turkey, the current study was undertaken for the first time, to investigate the distribution and strength of phosphine resistance in T.castaneum. Four strains of T. castaneum were tested through bioassays for determining the weak and strong phosphine resistance phenotypes on the basis of the response of adults to discriminating phosphine concentrations of 0.03 mg/L and 0.25 mg/L, for 20 hour exposures respectively. Phenotype testing showed all strains exhibited some level of phosphine resistance with a maximum level of 196 fold. Sequencing and genetic testing of seven field-collected strains showed that all of them carried a strong resistance allele in at the rph2 locus similar to the one previously reported. Our results show that strong resistance to phosphine is common in Turkish strains of T. castaneum. Keywords:Wheat, phosphine resistance, Tribolium castaneum, molecular diagnostic, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, dld ÖzetDepolanmış hububattaki zararlılarla mücadeledeki ana yöntem fosfin gazı ile fumigasyondur. Fosfin gazı Türkiye'de 1950'li yıllardan beri yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Fosfinin uzun yıllardan beri depolanmış hububatta kullanımına ve dünyada da pek çok ülkede yüksek seviyelerde fosfin direncinin belirlenmiş olmasına rağmen Türkiye'de bugüne kadar bu konuda herhangi bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Yüksek seviyelerde fosfin direnci, un biti Tribolium castaneum'da belirlenerek direnç yapısı genetik olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu zararlı Türkiye'de depolanmış buğdayda yaygın bir zararlı konumunda olduğundan, bu ilk çalışma fosfin direncinin T. castaneum'daki durumunu ve ülkedeki dağılımını ortaya koymak üzere yürütülmüştür. Dört popülasyon, zayıf ve kuvvetli direnç için sırasıyla ayırıcı fosfin konsantrasyonları olan 0.03mg/L ve 0.25mg/L dozları ile 20 saat süreyle uygulama temeline dayanan bioassaylerle test edilmişlerdir. Bu testlerde popülasyonların tümünde direnç olduğu ve direnç oranının 196 kata kadar ulaştığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan genetik çalışmalar ve sekans, tüm popülasyonların kuvvetli direnç allellerine sahip olduklarını ve bu popülasyonların daha önce literatürde rapor edilenlere benzer olarak rph2 lokusundaki direnç allelini taşıdıklarını göstermiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarımız, T. castaneum'un Türkiye popülasyonlarında fosfine karşı güçlü bir direncin yaygın olduğunu göstermektedir.

Background The number of pediatric patients who survive open-heart surgery has increased in recent years and the complications seen in this patient group continue to decrease with each technological advance, including new surgical and neuroprotective techniques and the improvement in surgeons’ experience with this patient population. However, neurological complications, which are the most feared and difficult to manage, require long-term follow-up, and increase hospital costs remain a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in this cohort. Results We evaluated the neurological physical examination, cranial computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MRI) records of 162 pediatric patients with neurological symptoms lasting more than 24 h after undergoing heart surgery in our clinic between June 2012 and May 2020. The patients’ ages ranged from 0 to 205 months, with a mean of 60.59 ± 46.44 months. Of the 3849 pediatric cardiac surgery patients we screened, 162 had neurological complications in the early period (the first 10 days after surgery). The incidence was calculated as 4.2%; 69 patients (42.6%) experienced seizures, 17 (10.5%) experienced confusion, 39 (24.1%) had stupor, and 37 (22.8%) had hemiparesis. Of the patients who developed neurological complications, 54 (33.3%) died. Patients with neurological complications were divided into 3 groups: strokes (n = 90), intracranial bleeding (n = 37), and no radiological results (n = 35). Thirty-four patients (37.8%) in the stroke group died, as did 15 (40%) in the bleeding group, and 5 (14.3%) in the no radiological results group. Conclusions Studies on neurological complications after pediatric heart surgery in the literature are currently insufficient. We think that this study will contribute to a more detailed discussion of the issue. Responses to neurological events and treatment in the pediatric group may differ compared to the adult age group. Primary prevention methods should be the main approach in combating neurological complications; their formation mechanisms should be carefully monitored and preventive treatment strategies should be developed.

Organizations have to constantly monitor the changes around their internal and external environment in order to compete and maintain the business interests due to the pressure and brutal competitive conditions of technetronic age posed by globalization and Digital Revolution. The most important factor that can manage this change in the most efficient way is Strategic Human Resources Management, which is one of the human resources and key strategic management processes of the organizations. Information and qualified human resources and related information which are recognized as fundamental and strategic production factors for businesses and organizations in the Big Data age are obtained, produced, arranged, shared and used in strategic management processes through information technologies. The present study discusses factors such as growing importance of information and information management systems used to process such information, and its spreading usage in Human Resources Management and increasing efficiency of human resources management information in strategic management processes; and focuses on their impacts on management understanding and human resources management process in big data age. The impacts of emerging new conditions on Organizational Efficiency and Employee Performance are particularly investigated in terms of the usage of Human Resources Information Systems (HRIS). Survey method was used in the course of the research as a data collection method, and the sample consists of 160 senior managers, midlevel managers and employees from the industrial and banking sectors. The analyses conducted using correlation and regression test models showed that the Human Resources Management processes in businesses carried out through information systems contribute positively to organizational efficiency and hence to employee performance.

Background: It is difficult to predict the complications and prognosis of ECMO, which is gaining widespread use in patients with pediatric surgery. Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are emerging inflammatory markers that can be calculated from complete blood count, which is a cheap and easily accessible laboratory analysis. The ratios between cellular elements in peripheral blood have been demonstrated to provide information on inflammation, infection, and immune response. Methods: Sixty-seven patients who needed ECMO application after undergoing pediatric cardiovascular surgery in our clinic, between May 2005 and April 2020, were included in this study. The age of patients varied between 4 days and 17 years with a mean of 30.59 ± 147.26 months. Results: The relationships between PLR or NLR values and various blood parameters and blood gas results were found to be statistically nonsignificant in our group of pediatric ECMO recipients. Even if the effect of PLR and NLR values on mortality and prognosis is statistically nonsignificant in patients who need ECMO after congenital heart surgery, PLR and NLR are typically elevated in the postoperative period. An increase in these values above a certain threshold may be a statistically significant indicator for the prediction of mortality. Conclusions: There are few studies in the literature concerning PLR and NLR values in patients with pediatric heart surgery. We consider this study will make way for new studies in the future.

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