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Many traditional fermented foods and beverages are prepared locally in various parts of Nigeria. These fermented food and beverage products have sustained millions of people in terms of food security. This review attempts to put together the major traditional fermented foods and beverages produced in Nigeria. These products are mainly beverages, cereal, dairy, fish products, fruits and vegetable legumes, meat products, starchy crop products, and other miscellaneous products. The sources, processing methods, process control and fermentation of the various fermented foods and beverages are been reviewed. The current state of production of traditional fermented products, status of research, conditions for their upgrade and suggestions for the regulatory authorities are discussed.

Gentamicin belong to the aminoglycoside antibiotic, which has a broad spectrum activities against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, but most effective in the treatment of gram negative bacteria. Gentamicin can withstand ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of dichloromethane extract of Solanum dasyphyllum on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Thirty mice were randomly divided into six groups (Groups 1-6, 5 each). Nephrotoxicity was induced using 100 mg/kg gentamicin administered intraperitoneally with concomitant administration of different doses of dichloromethane Solanum dasyphyllum extract (SdDMF) (100, 200, and 400mg/kg respectively) orally for 8 days. After the treatment, blood samples were obtained, allowed to clot, and centrifuged to obtain the serum which was used to determine urea, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Kidney tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations; and catalase (CAT) activities were also determined. Result revealed a decrease in tissue MDA, serum creatinine, urea, and BUN in the extract-treated groups. Also, increased tissue CAT activities and GSH concentrations were observed in the extract-treated groups. In conclusion, this study showed that SdDMF can be reno-protective and effectively inhibit gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Mycotoxin contamination in grains is a significant concern due to its adverse effects on human and animal health. Understanding the levels and patterns of mycotoxin contamination in different regions and storage conditions is crucial for developing effective control strategies. This study aimed to assess mycotoxin levels in stored and recently harvested grains in three regions (Idah, Ajaka, and Ogbogbo) and investigate the implications for food safety. The study involved the analysis of mycotoxin levels in maize, rice, sorghum, and millet using appropriate analytical techniques. The findings revealed the presence of mycotoxins such as aflatoxins (1-5 µg/Kg), deoxynivalenol (520-700 µg/Kg) zearalenone (250-350 µg/Kg), ochratoxins (3-4 µg/Kg) and fumonisin in both recently harvested and stored grains. Variations in mycotoxin levels were observed among different grains and regions, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. This study demonstrates the persistence of mycotoxin contamination in stored grains and the importance of considering specific crop types and geographical locations when addressing mycotoxin contamination. The findings underscore the significance of implementing effective control measures to mitigate mycotoxin contamination and enhance food safety. The study provides valuable insights into mycotoxin contamination and emphasizes the need for comprehensive risk assessment studies and appropriate regulatory measures.