This study shows that corn stalk (CS) is an effective adsorbent for malachite green (MG) and Congo red (CR) dyes. MG and CR sorption behavior onto the corn stalk adsorbent was investigated in this study. Basic condition w adsorbent. The pseudo second order equation well described MG and CR adsorption onto the CS adsorbent, hence chemisorptions was the main rate limiting step. The Freundlich Isotherm could describe the sorption data for the dyes. confirmed by FTIR and SEM study, as it showed the change in characterization before and after adsorption, Present investigation and comparison with other reported adsorbents concluded that, CS may be applied as a low from aqueous solution.

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Flowering state is an important agronomic trait in determining the plant cropping season and best ecological examples between plant and its existing ecosystem. Rice is a model plant for molecular studies and pertinent for flowering development analysis. Rice Flowering Locus T1 (RFT1) is the second rice florigen which promotes flowering under long-day (LD) condition. This study investigates the correlation between RFT1 gene established accessions towards an expansion of rice cultivation areas in Asia using bioinformatics tools. Fourteen (14) different RFT1 accessions were collected including 9 indica and 5 japonica, and analyzed for molecular evolution. Also, the protein 3-dimensional (3D) structure were predicted and validated. The genes appeared to be highly conserved and functional across the diverse accessions. Cultivars from the two sub-species form a separate subgroup except for Koshihikari, Akamai and Nara aswari which form a major group, while Basmati370 was in the same clade with japonica cultivars. The 3D model indicated that the protein accessions has slight differences and VERIFY 3D model refinement has the best stereochemistry score at 99.38. The study clarified on the cultivars' evolutionary relationships and suggested that diverse functional RFT1 variants is crucial for expansion of rice cultivation areas.

The concentrations of heavy metals in agricultural soils at Pindiga, Ako LGA, Gombe, were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentrations of heavy metals in soil samples are as follows, Fe (21.31 mg/Kg), Zn (0.20 mg/Kg), Cd(1.58 mg/Kg),Cr(2.3mg/Kg) and Pb (36.10 mg/Kg). The concentration of heavy metals in samples increased in the following order, Fe > Pb > Cr > Cd > Zn. The mean values for some physiochemical parameters of the water samples are; pH (5.7), moisture (36.1), the concentrations of heavy metals in water samples were less than the permissible limits for heavy metals in soils set by USEPA / WHO.