The facial and stereoselectivity of the polar Diels‐Alder (P‐DA) reaction of dissymmetric cage‐annulated cyclohexa‐1,3‐diene,10,12,13,14‐tetrachloro‐11,11‐dimethoxy‐hexacyclo [7.5.1.01,6.06,13.08,12.010,14]pentadeca‐2,4‐diene‐7,15‐dione with maleic anhydride, has been theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) method at B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level. Within possible 4 reaction pathways of this P‐DA reaction explored, the anti/endo reactive channel is found to be favored both kinetically and thermodynamically according to calculated results, in compatible with experimental findings. The analysis of DFT‐based global and local reactivity indices of reagents at the ground state enables us to correctly explain the polar nature of these DA reactions' pathways. The presence of steric interactions appeared at exo approaches and nonclassical hydrogen bond interactions seen at endo ones has significant effect on both facial and stereoselectivity of the corresponding DA reaction.
The Diels?Alder (DA) reaction between the cage-annulated diene hexacyclo[7.5.2.01,6.06,13.08,12.010,14]hexadeca-2,4-diene-7,16-dione (HHDD) with a cyclohexa-1,3-diene moiety and ethyl propiolate (EP) dienophile was investigated by the DFT method at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level to elucidate the mechanism and regioselectivity features of the reaction. The geometrical and electronic structures of the caged diene HHDD and EP were studied at B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level. In order to identify facial- and regio-selectivity of the DA reaction of HHDD and EP, the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) interactions of the reactants according to the FMO theory, and the molecular electrostatic potential map of HHDD were examined. The potential energy surface (PES) of the related DA reaction was calculated, and optimizations of transition states and of products corresponding to critical points on the PES were performed at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p), and their configurations were determined. In addition, the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of each possible cycloaddition reaction were calculated using the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) method to determine whether the reaction occurs under thermodynamic or kinetic control. The thermochemical results showed that the related DA cycloaddition proceeds under kinetic control, and the activation energies of syn cycloadditions are clearly lower than that of anti cycloadditions. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with experimental results.
Yakın dönemdeki hüsun-kubuh tartışmaları, geleneksel dönemle benzerliklerinin yanı sıra farklı veçheleri öne çıkan bir tartışmadır. Klasik dönemde mesele marifetullah, fetret ehli, adalet ve hikmet gibi meseleler bağlamında ele alınacaktır. Probleme dair çözüm arayışları da vahiy merkezli gelişecektir. Yakın dönemde ise marifetullah ve fetret ehli gibi belirleyici unsurların dışına taşan bir bakış açısı geliştirilecek ve mesele daha çok bir ahlak ve hukuk konusu olarak görülecektir. Bu sayede Batı’nın değer ve normlarına intikal ve uyum imkânı bulunacaktır. Tartışmaların bu istikamette şekillenmesinde pozitivist ve maddeci tercihlerde bulunan siyasi merkezin akılcı ve bilimci yaklaşımlarının önemli etkisi olacaktır. Bu tavra karşılık dönemdeki âlim ve mütefekkirlerin meseleyi temellendirme şekilleri ise tartışmanın çerçevesini teşkil edecektir. Çalışmamızda çeşitli saiklerin etkisiyle farklı bir gelişme seyri gösteren yakın dönem hüsun-kubuh tartışmalarını genel anlamda irdelemek istedik. Bu sayede Cumhuriyet Türkiyesi’nde bir şeyin hangi unsurlar üzere iyi-kötü, güzel-çirkin veya faydalı-zararlı şeklinde kategorize edildiğini anlamaya çalışacağız.
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