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Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temporomandibular joint bony ankylosis and surgical sequelae of gap arthroplasty on middle ear volume (MEV).Patients and methods Sixteen Egyptian individuals were selected and divided into two equal groups. The first group (group I) included eight patients with 14 bony ankylosed joints; the second group (group II) included eight normal individuals. The operated patients were chosen from those attending the outpatient clinic of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University. Gap arthroplasty was utilized for the management of such patients. Radiographic assessments for MEV for the first group were obtained for all the participants preoperatively and also 3 months postoperatively. Comparison of MEV was carried out with normal individuals both preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.Results It was observed that there was a significant decrease in MEV of ankylosed patients preoperatively when compared with normal individuals and a significant decrease in MEV 3 months postoperatively when compared with the preoperative volume.Conclusion Patients with temporomandibular joint bony ankylosis showed a decrease in MEV compared with normal individuals; also, gap arthroplasty has a decreasing effect on MEV.

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