Background: Humanity has so far faced multiple pandemics, with swift propagation and high morbimortality rates. Objective: To compare the social and health impact of the Spanish flu of 1918 and SARS-CoV-2. Methodology: Historical-descriptive study on the 1918 flu and SARS-CoV-2. Data were collected on health protocols through the analysis of international organizations, books, and scientific articles. An interpretative analysis was performed based on the dates and events of the period under study. Results: The Spanish flu occurred in 3 stages, the first in March 1918 and the last in 1919. SARS-CoV-2 started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 but spread worldwide in March 2020 and a new wave is expected. As of now, July 2020, the Spanish flu has had the highest number of victims, although both pandemics have had worldwide repercussions, accounting for many deaths. Conclusion:The lack of knowledge about these diseases, the absence of treatment and vaccines, as well as the scarcity of resources for the high rate of patients' needs have been a global challenge.
Durante los años 1900 hasta 1936, la salud infantil comenzaba a ganar importancia en Europa. En España, la mortalidad infantil era elevada. Para contrarrestar esta situación, el estado propuso medidas sanitarias, educativas y alimentarias. Objetivo. Analizar la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939), que continuó con los “años del hambre” durante la posguerra (1939-1949), conocidos por el racionamiento de alimentos y decadencia de la salud materno-infantil. Método. Estudio histórico descriptivo con fuentes primarias y secundarias. Que trata sobre, el contexto sociosanitario y la transición alimentaria, que vivieron los infantes durante la guerra y posguerra española (1936-1949). Resultados. El gobierno realizó una promoción de la lactancia materna guiada por pediatras de la época, no obstante, la leche de fórmula ganó importancia, debido a la modificación de la estructura familiar básica. La figura clásica de la mujer se fracturó, en favor del trabajo en las fábricas o, en última instancia, como participantes activas en la guerra. Conclusiones. Las instituciones sanitarias se centraron en el cuidado de heridos, cuestión que repercutió en la atención del niño enfermo. Esta situación dio lugar a altas tasas de morbimortalidad infantil, las cuales se mantuvieron hasta el final de la posguerra.
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