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This study validated an intraoperative bleeding severity scale for use in clinical studies investigating hemostatic agents. The scale was usable, clear, and clinically relevant with excellent reliability. The scale fulfills requirements of the Food and Drug Administration for a clinician-reported scale and can be used to generate clinically meaningful labeling claims.

LV unloading not only altered interventricular septal geometry but also reduced septal systolic thickening and output, all of which may contribute to impaired RV contractility during mechanical LV support.

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