Liver is one of the largest gland of the body and the main site for intense metabolism and  excretion. Liver is concerned with metabolism of endogenous as well as exogenous substances. “Withania somnifera” and “Rubia cordifolia” claim to have hepatoprotective action. Till now, no scientific study has been performed to evaluate such claims. This was an experiment study conducted on wistar rats, in Department of Pharmacology, Index Medical College.  Healthy Albino wistar rats  of either gender, weighing 150- 200g were obtained from CPCSEA approved Central Animal House. The selected rats were housed in polpropylene cages under controlled conditions of temperature (25 0C) and alternating periods of light and darkness of 12 hours each. The rats had free access to standard rat pellet diet and tap water ad libitum. After one week of acclimatization, the animals were rendered suitable for study. Pregnant female rats were not included in the study. ALT level in normal saline treated group was 29.5±3.35 IU/L. It was found to be significantly increased (p<0.001) with administration of CCl4 to 433.5±48.67 IU/L.

Background: Curiosity in view of the literature regarding breast cancer especially in our country, there has been little study on breast cancer individuals during and progression of the cancer on oxidative stress markers. Aim: To determine the effect of MDA, TAC, SOD, Catalase, reduced glutathione in breast cancer subjects and to compare them with the apparently healthy controls. Methods: Lately diagnosed female subjects with breast cancer in the age group of 40-60 years were included in the study. Apparently healthy controls were selected from the group of people who were attending for annual health check-up and found to be healthy. Results: On comparison between the two groups, the present study observed significant differences in the values of MDA, TAC, and reduced glutathione. Interestingly, we observed higher levels of MDA in the subjects suffering with breast carcinoma, whereas lower levels in the apparently healthy controls incorporated in the study. Comparing between the groups of LDL and HDL level, the present study observed significant difference. Conclusion: The present study concludes that alterations in the study parameters in breast cancer group are due to dys-balance oxidants production and lower expression of antioxidants.

Background: When it occurs after a cesarean section or a normal vaginal delivery, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a potentially fatal obstetric emergency. Aims and objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and safety of oxytocin against oxytocin plus misoprostol in avoiding PPH during active management of the third stage of labor (AMTSL). Materials and Methods: Using simple randomization, 150 women from the labor ward of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the Indore Medical College were recruited and randomly allocated to either test Group A or test Group B. Standard pharmacological treatment, including intramuscular injection of 10 IU of oxytocin and other components of AMTSL criteria, was administered to patients in Group A. In addition to the other components of the AMTSL criteria, Group B patients got the usual pharmacological treatment of 10 IU of oxytocin through the injectable route and 600 g of misoprostol through the oral route. Various characteristics of both groups were compared, including parity, gravida, delivery style, PPH etiology, blood transfusion, and surgical intervention. Results: Mode of delivery was vaginally seen in 85% and 92% and cesarean in 15% and 8%. Etiology was uterine atony in 54% and 64%, retained tissue in 26% and 12%, laceration in 11% and 18%, and coagulopathy in 9% and 6%. Blood transfusion was needed in 27% and 57% and surgical intervention in 82% and 68% in Groups A and B, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study support the use of misoprostol in hospital settings as an adjunct to oxytocin since it reduces the incidence of PPH, eliminates the need for intrusive interventions, and ultimately reduces maternal mortality.

Background: In our country, there has been little study on breast cancer individuals during and progression of the cancer on magnesium, and copper have not been considered in existing studies. Aim: To determine the effect of serum magnesium, and copper in breast cancer subjects and to compare them with the apparently healthy controls. Methods: Lately diagnosed female subjects with breast cancer in the age group of 40-60 years were included in the study. Apparently healthy controls were selected from the group of people who were attending for annual health check-up and found to be healthy. Results: On comparison between the two groups, the present study observed that serum copper level was lower in case of apparently healthy controls than breast cancer subjects. Comparing between the groups of serum magnesium level, the present study observed significant difference. Similarly, the serum copper level was also found to be significantly differed when compared between the two groups. Conclusion: The altered values of magnesium and copper are responsible for the initiation of breast cancer. In addition, present study implies that serum copper can be used as biomarkers for early identification and diagnosis of breast cancer.

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