Introduction:Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare multiorgan disorder, commonly seen in the pediatric age group. Commonest presentation of the disease involving the temporal bone is ear discharge. This entity is often underdiagnosed and the patient is treated with multiple courses of antibiotics which leads to delay in diagnosis and initiating apropriate treatment. Case report:We present case reports of 2 children who presented to us with this rare disease. The line of management followed is discussed briefly. Our aim is to increase awareness of this disease amongst otolaryngologists and pediatricians so that they can identify such cases in a timely manner. Conclusion:Langerhans cell histiocytosis can affect any age group but is commonly seen in children. It can involve any organ system but the temporal bone is involved in most cases. The differential diagnosis of this disease should be kept in mind for any patient presenting with chronic ear discharge that is not responding to the appropriate line of management.

Introduction Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) is a highly vascular, benign, locally aggressive tumour of the nasopharynx. Endoscopic approach is the current accepted modality for the excision of Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma. The current study was undertaken to assess the outcome of this procedure at our institute. Materials and Methods A total of 20 patients of JNA at a medical college in Ahmedabad between the period of July 2015 to July 2017 were included. The tumour was staged according to Fisch system and clinical presentation, local examination, nasal endoscopy findings, radiological findings, approach of surgical resection, complications and recurrence were noted. Results  We found that endoscopic approach for the excision of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is safe and effective technique associated with reduced post operative morbidity and low recurrence rates.  Conclusions  JNA is a rare but a potentially life-threatening disease. All young males presenting with profuse, spontaneous and recurrent epistaxis should be evaluated for JNA. Endoscopic approaches have become the procedure of choice for resection of these tumours.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea is characterized by a defect in the barriers which separate the subarachnoid space from sinonasal tract resulting in the leakage of watery fluid from the nose. Management of CSF rhinorrhoea is by both conservative and/or surgical approach. Transnasal endoscopic method has become the preferred surgical method for the repair of CSF leak because of less complication as compared to the open approach. To evaluate the results of patients who underwent endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhoea over a period of 5 years at BJ Medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 118 patients were included in this retrospective study who underwent CSF leak repair by nasal endoscopy over a period of 5 years between 2011-2016 in the department of ENT at BJ Medical College, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad. As per review of the records, these patients were diagnosed with CSF leak on the basis of their history, clinical examination, and radiological investigations. Materials used for the repair were fat, fascia lata, fibrin sealant, and/or vascular flap.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Primary surgery was successful in 110 (93%) of cases. In 8 (7%) cases, there was a recurrence of leak which was managed by either conservative management (5 cases, 4%) or by re-exploration (3 cases, 3%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Transnasal endoscope is an important tool for the evaluation and subsequent treatment of CSF rhinorrhoea. Endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhoea is safe, effective, has a low complication rate and has almost completely replaced the open technique.</p>

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